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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Urban_Heat_Islands</id>
	<title>Urban Heat Islands - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T18:29:43Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Urban Heat Islands</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T02:00:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Urban Heat Islands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:00, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urban Heat Islands (UHI) is the &amp;quot;Study of the Feverish City&amp;quot;—the investigation of why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are often **1°C to 12°C Warmer** than the &amp;quot;Countryside&amp;quot; surrounding them. While the &amp;quot;Farm&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Trees and Soil&amp;quot; to stay cool, the &amp;quot;City&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Concrete and Asphalt&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Soaks up the Sun.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; of dark roofs to the &amp;quot;Lack of Evapotranspiration&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Trapping of Heat&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Urban Canyons,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Micro-Climates&amp;quot; of humanity. It is the science of &amp;quot;Thermal Comfort,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are not just &amp;quot;Busy,&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;Hot&amp;quot;—and why &amp;quot;Cooling the City&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Life-or-Death&amp;quot; mission for the 21st century.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urban Heat Islands (UHI) is the &amp;quot;Study of the Feverish City&amp;quot;—the investigation of why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are often **1°C to 12°C Warmer** than the &amp;quot;Countryside&amp;quot; surrounding them. While the &amp;quot;Farm&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Trees and Soil&amp;quot; to stay cool, the &amp;quot;City&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Concrete and Asphalt&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Soaks up the Sun.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; of dark roofs to the &amp;quot;Lack of Evapotranspiration&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Trapping of Heat&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Urban Canyons,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Micro-Climates&amp;quot; of humanity. It is the science of &amp;quot;Thermal Comfort,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are not just &amp;quot;Busy,&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;Hot&amp;quot;—and why &amp;quot;Cooling the City&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Life-or-Death&amp;quot; mission for the 21st century.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Heat Island (UHI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The phenomenon where a &amp;quot;Metropolitan Area&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Significantly Warmer&amp;quot; than its &amp;quot;Rural Surroundings&amp;quot; due to &amp;quot;Human Activity.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Heat Island (UHI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The phenomenon where a &amp;quot;Metropolitan Area&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Significantly Warmer&amp;quot; than its &amp;quot;Rural Surroundings&amp;quot; due to &amp;quot;Human Activity.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Albedo&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 526). The &amp;quot;Reflectivity&amp;quot; of a surface: **Asphalt** has &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; (absorbs heat); **White Roofs** have &amp;quot;High Albedo&amp;quot; (reflect heat).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Albedo&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 526). The &amp;quot;Reflectivity&amp;quot; of a surface: **Asphalt** has &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; (absorbs heat); **White Roofs** have &amp;quot;High Albedo&amp;quot; (reflect heat).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cool Roofs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Roofs painted with &amp;quot;Reflective White Paint&amp;quot; or covered in &amp;quot;Mirrors.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cool Roofs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Roofs painted with &amp;quot;Reflective White Paint&amp;quot; or covered in &amp;quot;Mirrors.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Canyon&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Narrow Street&amp;quot; between &amp;quot;Tall Buildings&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Prevents Heat from Escaping&amp;quot; into space at night.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Canyon&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Narrow Street&amp;quot; between &amp;quot;Tall Buildings&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Prevents Heat from Escaping&amp;quot; into space at night.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urban heat islands are understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ventilation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Urban heat islands are understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ventilation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l42&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Deadly&amp;#039; 2003 Heatwave&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: In Europe, over **70,000 people** died in a single heatwave. Most of the deaths were in &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Paris&amp;#039;) because the &amp;quot;Urban Heat Island&amp;quot; meant the &amp;quot;Nights stayed at 30°C.&amp;quot; The &amp;quot;Human Body&amp;quot; needs a &amp;quot;Cool Night&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Recover.&amp;quot; It proved that UHI is a &amp;quot;Public Health Emergency.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Deadly&amp;#039; 2003 Heatwave&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: In Europe, over **70,000 people** died in a single heatwave. Most of the deaths were in &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Paris&amp;#039;) because the &amp;quot;Urban Heat Island&amp;quot; meant the &amp;quot;Nights stayed at 30°C.&amp;quot; The &amp;quot;Human Body&amp;quot; needs a &amp;quot;Cool Night&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Recover.&amp;quot; It proved that UHI is a &amp;quot;Public Health Emergency.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Albedo Fix&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Temperature Drop&amp;#039; from painting a roof white):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Albedo Fix&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Temperature Drop&amp;#039; from painting a roof white):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l65&quot;&gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 74:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pavement &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Paint&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Los Angeles). Coating &amp;quot;Black Streets&amp;quot; with a &amp;quot;Gray Reflective Sealant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Cool the Ground&amp;quot; where people walk.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pavement &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Paint&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Los Angeles). Coating &amp;quot;Black Streets&amp;quot; with a &amp;quot;Gray Reflective Sealant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Cool the Ground&amp;quot; where people walk.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban &amp;#039;Wind&amp;#039; Corridors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Stuttgart, Germany). Designing the city with &amp;quot;Gaps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Parks&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Invite the Wind&amp;quot; from the mountains to &amp;quot;Flush out&amp;quot; the heat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban &amp;#039;Wind&amp;#039; Corridors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Stuttgart, Germany). Designing the city with &amp;quot;Gaps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Parks&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Invite the Wind&amp;quot; from the mountains to &amp;quot;Flush out&amp;quot; the heat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Countryside vs. City Heat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Countryside vs. City Heat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l83&quot;&gt;Line 83:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 94:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Thermal Equity&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Social Gap.&amp;quot; In many cities, &amp;quot;Poor Neighborhoods&amp;quot; have &amp;quot;Fewer Trees&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;More Asphalt&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Rich Neighborhoods.&amp;quot; They are often **5°C Hotter** on the same day. This is **&amp;quot;Aesthetic Inequality&amp;quot;** becoming **&amp;quot;Biological Inequality.&amp;quot;** Cooling the city is a &amp;quot;Social Justice&amp;quot; issue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Thermal Equity&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Social Gap.&amp;quot; In many cities, &amp;quot;Poor Neighborhoods&amp;quot; have &amp;quot;Fewer Trees&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;More Asphalt&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Rich Neighborhoods.&amp;quot; They are often **5°C Hotter** on the same day. This is **&amp;quot;Aesthetic Inequality&amp;quot;** becoming **&amp;quot;Biological Inequality.&amp;quot;** Cooling the city is a &amp;quot;Social Justice&amp;quot; issue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating urban heat islands:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating urban heat islands:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Air Conditioning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;AC&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Solution&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Problem&amp;quot;? (AC &amp;#039;Cools the inside&amp;#039; but &amp;#039;Heats the outside&amp;#039; street even more).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Air Conditioning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;AC&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Solution&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Problem&amp;quot;? (AC &amp;#039;Cools the inside&amp;#039; but &amp;#039;Heats the outside&amp;#039; street even more).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l90&quot;&gt;Line 90:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 103:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Replace Asphalt&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Cooler Materials&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Bankrupting the City&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Replace Asphalt&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Cooler Materials&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Bankrupting the City&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: As &amp;quot;Global Warming&amp;quot; (see Article 526) gets worse, will &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Un-livable&amp;quot; for 4 months of the year?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: As &amp;quot;Global Warming&amp;quot; (see Article 526) gets worse, will &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Un-livable&amp;quot; for 4 months of the year?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Nodes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Street Furniture&amp;quot; that uses &amp;quot;Mist and Solar Power&amp;quot; to create &amp;quot;Tiny Oases&amp;quot; of cool air for &amp;quot;Pedestrians&amp;quot; during heatwaves.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Nodes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Street Furniture&amp;quot; that uses &amp;quot;Mist and Solar Power&amp;quot; to create &amp;quot;Tiny Oases&amp;quot; of cool air for &amp;quot;Pedestrians&amp;quot; during heatwaves.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l104&quot;&gt;Line 104:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 119:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Meteorology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Meteorology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key mediawiki:diff:1.41:old-1953:rev-5062:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Urban_Heat_Islands&amp;diff=1953&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Urban Heat Islands</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Urban_Heat_Islands&amp;diff=1953&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T16:40:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Urban Heat Islands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Urban Heat Islands (UHI) is the &amp;quot;Study of the Feverish City&amp;quot;—the investigation of why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are often **1°C to 12°C Warmer** than the &amp;quot;Countryside&amp;quot; surrounding them. While the &amp;quot;Farm&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Trees and Soil&amp;quot; to stay cool, the &amp;quot;City&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Concrete and Asphalt&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Soaks up the Sun.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; of dark roofs to the &amp;quot;Lack of Evapotranspiration&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Trapping of Heat&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Urban Canyons,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Micro-Climates&amp;quot; of humanity. It is the science of &amp;quot;Thermal Comfort,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; are not just &amp;quot;Busy,&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;Hot&amp;quot;—and why &amp;quot;Cooling the City&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Life-or-Death&amp;quot; mission for the 21st century.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Heat Island (UHI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The phenomenon where a &amp;quot;Metropolitan Area&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Significantly Warmer&amp;quot; than its &amp;quot;Rural Surroundings&amp;quot; due to &amp;quot;Human Activity.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Albedo&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 526). The &amp;quot;Reflectivity&amp;quot; of a surface: **Asphalt** has &amp;quot;Low Albedo&amp;quot; (absorbs heat); **White Roofs** have &amp;quot;High Albedo&amp;quot; (reflect heat).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Thermal Mass&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; of materials (like &amp;#039;Concrete&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;Brick&amp;#039;) to &amp;quot;Store Heat&amp;quot; during the day and &amp;quot;Release it&amp;quot; slowly at night.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Evapotranspiration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Cooling Process&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;Plants&amp;quot; release &amp;quot;Water Vapor&amp;quot; into the air, actiing as a &amp;quot;Natural Air Conditioner.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sky View Factor (SVF)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Amount of Open Sky&amp;quot; visible from the ground: &amp;quot;Tall Buildings&amp;quot; create &amp;quot;Urban Canyons&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Trap Heat&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Block the Wind.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Anthropogenic Heat&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Extra Heat&amp;quot; created by &amp;quot;Engines,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Air Conditioners,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Factories&amp;quot; (The city &amp;#039;Heats itself&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Surface UHI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Hot Ground&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;A Black Road&amp;#039; at 60°C).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atmospheric UHI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Hot Air&amp;quot; (the &amp;#039;Bubble&amp;#039; of heat over the city).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cool Roofs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Roofs painted with &amp;quot;Reflective White Paint&amp;quot; or covered in &amp;quot;Mirrors.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Canyon&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Narrow Street&amp;quot; between &amp;quot;Tall Buildings&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Prevents Heat from Escaping&amp;quot; into space at night.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Urban heat islands are understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ventilation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Battery&amp;quot; of the City (Absorption)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Why is it &amp;quot;Still Hot&amp;quot; at midnight?&lt;br /&gt;
* During the day, &amp;quot;Sunlight&amp;quot; hits &amp;quot;Concrete&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Asphalt.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* These materials have &amp;quot;High Thermal Mass.&amp;quot; They &amp;quot;Soak up&amp;quot; the heat like a &amp;quot;Battery.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* When the sun goes down, the &amp;quot;Countryside&amp;quot; (Soil) &amp;quot;Cools down fast.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* But the &amp;quot;City&amp;quot; starts &amp;quot;Leaking its stored heat&amp;quot; back into the air.&lt;br /&gt;
* The city &amp;quot;Stays Warm&amp;quot; all night, never giving the people a &amp;quot;Break.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Natural&amp;quot; AC (Evapotranspiration)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Trees are &amp;quot;Water Pumps.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* A &amp;quot;Tree&amp;quot; doesn&amp;#039;t just &amp;quot;Provide Shade.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Sucks up Water&amp;quot; from the ground and &amp;quot;Pumps it out&amp;quot; through its leaves.&lt;br /&gt;
* This &amp;quot;Evaporation&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Uses up Heat Energy,&amp;quot; making the air &amp;quot;Colder.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* A single &amp;quot;Large Tree&amp;quot; has the &amp;quot;Cooling Power&amp;quot; of **10 Residential AC Units**.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Urban Heat Islands&amp;quot; happen because we &amp;quot;Replaced Trees with Stone.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Canyon&amp;quot; Trap (Geometry)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Tall buildings &amp;quot;Confine&amp;quot; the heat.&lt;br /&gt;
* In a &amp;quot;Flat Field,&amp;quot; heat &amp;quot;Radiates&amp;quot; directly into the &amp;quot;Infinite Sky.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* In a &amp;quot;City Street,&amp;quot; the heat hits the **Walls** of the buildings.&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Bounces Back and Forth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Wind&amp;quot; can&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Get In&amp;quot; to blow the heat away.&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Sky View Factor&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Small,&amp;quot; meaning the city is &amp;quot;Insulated&amp;quot; from the coldness of space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Deadly&amp;#039; 2003 Heatwave&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: In Europe, over **70,000 people** died in a single heatwave. Most of the deaths were in &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Paris&amp;#039;) because the &amp;quot;Urban Heat Island&amp;quot; meant the &amp;quot;Nights stayed at 30°C.&amp;quot; The &amp;quot;Human Body&amp;quot; needs a &amp;quot;Cool Night&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Recover.&amp;quot; It proved that UHI is a &amp;quot;Public Health Emergency.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Albedo Fix&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Temperature Drop&amp;#039; from painting a roof white):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_roof_cooling(initial_albedo, new_albedo):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows how &amp;#039;Color&amp;#039; changes &amp;#039;Temperature&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    # A rough estimate: 0.1 increase in albedo = ~0.5C drop in air temp&lt;br /&gt;
    albedo_diff = new_albedo - initial_albedo&lt;br /&gt;
    temp_drop = albedo_diff * 5.0&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;OLD ALBEDO: {initial_albedo} | NEW ALBEDO: {new_albedo} | AIR TEMP DROP: {round(temp_drop, 1)}°C.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: Painting a black asphalt roof (0.1) to white (0.8)&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_roof_cooling(0.1, 0.8))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; UHI Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Cool Rooves&amp;#039; NYC&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A program that has &amp;quot;Painted Millions of Square Feet&amp;quot; of roofs white, &amp;quot;Reducing Energy Bills&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Saving Lives&amp;quot; during summer.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Singapore’s &amp;#039;Garden City&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 536). Singapore uses &amp;quot;Vertical Greenery&amp;quot; on every skyscraper to &amp;quot;Combat UHI&amp;quot; in a tropical climate.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pavement &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Paint&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Los Angeles). Coating &amp;quot;Black Streets&amp;quot; with a &amp;quot;Gray Reflective Sealant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Cool the Ground&amp;quot; where people walk.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban &amp;#039;Wind&amp;#039; Corridors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Stuttgart, Germany). Designing the city with &amp;quot;Gaps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Parks&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Invite the Wind&amp;quot; from the mountains to &amp;quot;Flush out&amp;quot; the heat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Countryside vs. City Heat&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Rural Area (The Farm) !! Urban Area (The City)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Surface Material || Soil / Grass / Trees || Concrete / Asphalt / Steel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Water Cycle || High Evapotranspiration || Low (Water runs into &amp;#039;Drains&amp;#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Air Movement || Fast / Open || Slow / Blocked (Urban Canyons)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Night Cooling || Rapid (Radiates to space) || Slow (Stored in walls)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Cool Forest&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Giant Oven&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Thermal Equity&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Social Gap.&amp;quot; In many cities, &amp;quot;Poor Neighborhoods&amp;quot; have &amp;quot;Fewer Trees&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;More Asphalt&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Rich Neighborhoods.&amp;quot; They are often **5°C Hotter** on the same day. This is **&amp;quot;Aesthetic Inequality&amp;quot;** becoming **&amp;quot;Biological Inequality.&amp;quot;** Cooling the city is a &amp;quot;Social Justice&amp;quot; issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating urban heat islands:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Air Conditioning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;AC&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Solution&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Problem&amp;quot;? (AC &amp;#039;Cools the inside&amp;#039; but &amp;#039;Heats the outside&amp;#039; street even more).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Density vs. Sprawl&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should we &amp;quot;Spread cities out&amp;quot; (to &amp;#039;Increase SVF&amp;#039;) or &amp;quot;Pack them tight&amp;quot; (to &amp;#039;Save Nature&amp;#039; outside)?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Replace Asphalt&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Cooler Materials&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Bankrupting the City&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: As &amp;quot;Global Warming&amp;quot; (see Article 526) gets worse, will &amp;quot;Cities&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Un-livable&amp;quot; for 4 months of the year?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Cooling&amp;#039; Nodes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Street Furniture&amp;quot; that uses &amp;quot;Mist and Solar Power&amp;quot; to create &amp;quot;Tiny Oases&amp;quot; of cool air for &amp;quot;Pedestrians&amp;quot; during heatwaves.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hyper-Reflective &amp;#039;Sky-Paint&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;New Paint&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Reflects 99.9% of Sun&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Sends the heat directly into space&amp;quot; (Radiative Cooling), making a roof **Colder than the air around it**.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI &amp;#039;Heat&amp;#039; Planners&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An AI that &amp;quot;Re-designs city streets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Maximize Shade and Wind,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Predicting&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Thermal Flow&amp;quot; before a single brick is laid.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban &amp;#039;Mist&amp;#039; Clouds&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Large-Scale Mist Generators&amp;quot; at the top of skyscrapers that create an &amp;quot;Artificial Cloud&amp;quot; over the city during &amp;quot;Extreme Heat Days&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Block the Sun.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Environment]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geography]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Urban Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Meteorology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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