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	<title>Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T17:10:43Z</updated>
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		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:58:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:58, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth is the &amp;quot;Study of the Planetary Makeover&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific and Engineering Project&amp;quot; (~1960s–Future) to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Hostile Environment&amp;quot; of **Mars** (Thin CO₂ Atmosphere, No Magnetic Field, −60°C Average) into a &amp;quot;Habitable World&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Large-Scale Environmental Engineering.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Space Exploration&amp;quot; (see Article 690) &amp;quot;Visits&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Other Worlds,&amp;quot; **Terraforming** &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Them.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Atmospheric Thickening&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Greenhouse Gas Release&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Magnetic Shield Construction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Pioneers,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Limits of Engineering.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Planetary Medicine,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Transforming Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Requires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Understanding&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Completely&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Becoming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;A Multi-Planetary Species&amp;quot; &amp;quot;May&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Humanity&amp;#039;s&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Greatest Insurance Policy.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth is the &amp;quot;Study of the Planetary Makeover&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific and Engineering Project&amp;quot; (~1960s–Future) to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Hostile Environment&amp;quot; of **Mars** (Thin CO₂ Atmosphere, No Magnetic Field, −60°C Average) into a &amp;quot;Habitable World&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Large-Scale Environmental Engineering.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Space Exploration&amp;quot; (see Article 690) &amp;quot;Visits&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Other Worlds,&amp;quot; **Terraforming** &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Them.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Atmospheric Thickening&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Greenhouse Gas Release&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Magnetic Shield Construction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Pioneers,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Limits of Engineering.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Planetary Medicine,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Transforming Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Requires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Understanding&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Completely&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Becoming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;A Multi-Planetary Species&amp;quot; &amp;quot;May&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Humanity&amp;#039;s&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Greatest Insurance Policy.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Jack Williamson, 1942). The &amp;quot;Hypothetical Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Deliberately Modifying&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Planet&amp;#039;s Atmosphere,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Temperature,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Topography,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ecology&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Make&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Habitable&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Jack Williamson, 1942). The &amp;quot;Hypothetical Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Deliberately Modifying&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Planet&amp;#039;s Atmosphere,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Temperature,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Topography,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ecology&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Make&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Habitable&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Fourth Planet&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Current Conditions&amp;quot; include &amp;quot;Atmospheric Pressure&amp;quot; at **0.6%** of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Average Temperature&amp;quot; at **−60°C**, &amp;quot;No Liquid Water,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;No Magnetic Field.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Fourth Planet&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Current Conditions&amp;quot; include &amp;quot;Atmospheric Pressure&amp;quot; at **0.6%** of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Average Temperature&amp;quot; at **−60°C**, &amp;quot;No Liquid Water,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;No Magnetic Field.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Terraforming Timescale&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Estimates&amp;quot; range from **200 years** (Optimistic) to **100,000 years** (Geological processes) for &amp;quot;Full Habitability.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Terraforming Timescale&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Estimates&amp;quot; range from **200 years** (Optimistic) to **100,000 years** (Geological processes) for &amp;quot;Full Habitability.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kim Stanley Robinson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;The Author&amp;quot; of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Trilogy&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Red, Green, Blue Mars): &amp;quot;The Most&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Detailed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fictional Account&amp;quot; of **Terraforming** ever &amp;quot;Written.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kim Stanley Robinson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;The Author&amp;quot; of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Trilogy&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Red, Green, Blue Mars): &amp;quot;The Most&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Detailed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fictional Account&amp;quot; of **Terraforming** ever &amp;quot;Written.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terraforming is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atmosphere&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Time&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Terraforming is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atmosphere&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Time&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;MOXIE&amp;#039; Proof-of-Concept (2021)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: The **Perseverance Rover** &amp;quot;Demonstrated&amp;quot; that **O₂** can be &amp;quot;Extracted&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Martian CO₂&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;100% Efficiency.&amp;quot; It proved that **In-Situ Resource Utilization** (ISRU) is &amp;quot;Physically Possible&amp;quot;  — a &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Step&amp;quot; toward &amp;quot;Self-Sustaining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Colonies.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;MOXIE&amp;#039; Proof-of-Concept (2021)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: The **Perseverance Rover** &amp;quot;Demonstrated&amp;quot; that **O₂** can be &amp;quot;Extracted&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Martian CO₂&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;100% Efficiency.&amp;quot; It proved that **In-Situ Resource Utilization** (ISRU) is &amp;quot;Physically Possible&amp;quot;  — a &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Step&amp;quot; toward &amp;quot;Self-Sustaining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Colonies.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Warming Rate&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Atmospheric Pressure Growth&amp;#039; from CO₂ Release):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Warming Rate&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Atmospheric Pressure Growth&amp;#039; from CO₂ Release):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l70&quot;&gt;Line 70:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 79:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Polar Ice Cap Analysis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (MRO) → &amp;quot;Confirming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Massive&amp;quot; **CO₂** and &amp;quot;Water Ice Reserves&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Could&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Released&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Kickstart&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Warming.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Polar Ice Cap Analysis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (MRO) → &amp;quot;Confirming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Massive&amp;quot; **CO₂** and &amp;quot;Water Ice Reserves&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Could&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Released&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Kickstart&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Warming.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Synthetic Biology on Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 692). &amp;quot;Designing&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Radiation-resistant, Nitrogen-fixing&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Microbes&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Ecopoiesis.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Synthetic Biology on Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 692). &amp;quot;Designing&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Radiation-resistant, Nitrogen-fixing&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Microbes&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Ecopoiesis.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Terraforming Strategies&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Terraforming Strategies&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l88&quot;&gt;Line 88:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 99:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Ethics&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Duty.&amp;quot; (See Article 665). Do we &amp;quot;Have&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Right&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Another World&amp;quot;? If &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Microbial Life,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot; would be **&amp;quot;Planetary Genocide.&amp;quot;** **The Ethics of Terraforming** &amp;quot;Require&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Global Search&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Martian Life&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Before&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Major Environmental Change.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Exploration&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;The First Duty.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Ethics&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Duty.&amp;quot; (See Article 665). Do we &amp;quot;Have&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Right&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Another World&amp;quot;? If &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Microbial Life,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot; would be **&amp;quot;Planetary Genocide.&amp;quot;** **The Ethics of Terraforming** &amp;quot;Require&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Global Search&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Martian Life&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Before&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Major Environmental Change.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Exploration&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;The First Duty.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Terraforming Mars:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Terraforming Mars:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: What if &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Extant Microbial Life&amp;quot;** in its &amp;quot;Subsurface&amp;quot;? Do we &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; it?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: What if &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Extant Microbial Life&amp;quot;** in its &amp;quot;Subsurface&amp;quot;? Do we &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; it?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l95&quot;&gt;Line 95:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 108:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Permanence&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Maintain&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Martian Atmosphere&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Millions of Years&amp;quot;** without &amp;quot;Continuous Effort&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Permanence&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Maintain&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Martian Atmosphere&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Millions of Years&amp;quot;** without &amp;quot;Continuous Effort&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;The Terraforming Project&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Human Concept of Home&amp;quot;**?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;The Terraforming Project&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Human Concept of Home&amp;quot;**?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039; AI Orchestrator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Millions&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Feedback Loops&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Living Planetary System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Guide&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Safe Terraforming.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039; AI Orchestrator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Millions&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Feedback Loops&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Living Planetary System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Guide&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Safe Terraforming.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l115&quot;&gt;Line 115:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 130:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Space Exploration]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Space Exploration]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Terraforming_Mars:_Engineering_a_Second_Earth&amp;diff=2306&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Terraforming_Mars:_Engineering_a_Second_Earth&amp;diff=2306&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T18:05:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Terraforming Mars: Engineering a Second Earth is the &amp;quot;Study of the Planetary Makeover&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific and Engineering Project&amp;quot; (~1960s–Future) to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Hostile Environment&amp;quot; of **Mars** (Thin CO₂ Atmosphere, No Magnetic Field, −60°C Average) into a &amp;quot;Habitable World&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Large-Scale Environmental Engineering.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Space Exploration&amp;quot; (see Article 690) &amp;quot;Visits&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Other Worlds,&amp;quot; **Terraforming** &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Them.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Atmospheric Thickening&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Greenhouse Gas Release&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Magnetic Shield Construction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Pioneers,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Limits of Engineering.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Planetary Medicine,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Transforming Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Requires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Understanding&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Completely&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Becoming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;A Multi-Planetary Species&amp;quot; &amp;quot;May&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Humanity&amp;#039;s&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Greatest Insurance Policy.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Jack Williamson, 1942). The &amp;quot;Hypothetical Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Deliberately Modifying&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Planet&amp;#039;s Atmosphere,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Temperature,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Topography,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ecology&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Make&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Habitable&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Humans.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Fourth Planet&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Current Conditions&amp;quot; include &amp;quot;Atmospheric Pressure&amp;quot; at **0.6%** of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Average Temperature&amp;quot; at **−60°C**, &amp;quot;No Liquid Water,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;No Magnetic Field.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Greenhouse Warming&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 228). &amp;quot;The Primary&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Terraforming Strategy&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Releasing&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Greenhouse Gases&amp;quot;** (CO₂, CFC) to &amp;quot;Thicken&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Atmosphere&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Trap&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Solar Energy.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Magnetospheric Shield&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Hypothetical&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Artificial Magnetic Field&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;from a Station at Mars L1&amp;#039;) that &amp;quot;Would&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Terraformed Mars&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Solar Wind Erosion.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Regolith&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Layer&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Loose Rocks and Soil&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Contains&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Perchlorates&amp;quot; (Toxic) but &amp;quot;Also&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Trapped CO₂ and Water Ice.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;MOXIE&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment) — A &amp;quot;NASA Device&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Perseverance&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Successfully Converted&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Martian CO₂&amp;quot; into &amp;quot;O₂&amp;quot; (2021).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ecopoiesis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;The First Stage&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Seeding&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Extremophile Organisms&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Begin&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Building&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Biosphere.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Orbital Mirrors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Giant&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Reflective Structures&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Mars Orbit&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Concentrate&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Sunlight&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Warm&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Polar Ice Caps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Release&amp;quot; &amp;quot;CO₂.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Terraforming Timescale&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Estimates&amp;quot; range from **200 years** (Optimistic) to **100,000 years** (Geological processes) for &amp;quot;Full Habitability.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kim Stanley Robinson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;The Author&amp;quot; of the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Trilogy&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Red, Green, Blue Mars): &amp;quot;The Most&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Detailed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fictional Account&amp;quot; of **Terraforming** ever &amp;quot;Written.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Terraforming is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atmosphere&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Time&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Air&amp;quot; Machine (Atmospheric Pressure)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Giving Mars a Blanket.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 228). &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s Atmosphere&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;73% Nitrogen,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;21% Oxygen,&amp;quot; at **1 bar.**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;95% CO₂&amp;quot; at **0.006 bar** — &amp;quot;Far Too Thin&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Breathe&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Hold&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Liquid Water.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Phase 1&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Requires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Increasing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Pressure&amp;quot; by **&amp;quot;Releasing Trapped CO₂&amp;quot;** from &amp;quot;Polar Caps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Regolith&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;Orbital Mirrors&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Industrial Heaters.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; needs a **&amp;quot;1,000x&amp;quot; Pressure Increase.**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Habitability&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Atmospheric.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Shield&amp;quot; Machine (Magnetic Field)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Stopping the Solar Knife.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 123). &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Lost&amp;quot; its &amp;quot;Magnetic Field&amp;quot; **3.7 Billion Years Ago.**&lt;br /&gt;
* Without it, the **&amp;quot;Solar Wind&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Strips&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Atmosphere&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Away&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Millions of Years.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Artificial Shields&amp;quot; (Orbiting &amp;quot;Superconducting Loops&amp;quot; or a &amp;quot;Station&amp;quot; at the **L1 Lagrange Point**) &amp;quot;Could&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Deflect&amp;quot;** the &amp;quot;Solar Wind.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Without&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Shield,&amp;quot; any &amp;quot;New Atmosphere&amp;quot; would &amp;quot;Be&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Eroded.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Permanence&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Magnetic.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Biology&amp;quot; Machine (Biosphere)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nature does the heavy lifting.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 692). **Extremophile Bacteria** (see Article 224) &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Survive&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Low Pressure,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;High Radiation,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Extreme Cold.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Seeding Mars&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Engineered Cyanobacteria&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Fix N₂&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Release O₂&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Begins&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Biological Pathway&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Breathable Air.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Kim Stanley Robinson** &amp;quot;Details&amp;quot; how &amp;quot;Thousands of Species&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Needed&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Build&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Stable Biosphere.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Ecology at Scale.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;MOXIE&amp;#039; Proof-of-Concept (2021)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: The **Perseverance Rover** &amp;quot;Demonstrated&amp;quot; that **O₂** can be &amp;quot;Extracted&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Martian CO₂&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;100% Efficiency.&amp;quot; It proved that **In-Situ Resource Utilization** (ISRU) is &amp;quot;Physically Possible&amp;quot;  — a &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Step&amp;quot; toward &amp;quot;Self-Sustaining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Colonies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Warming Rate&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Atmospheric Pressure Growth&amp;#039; from CO₂ Release):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_terraforming_progress(years, release_rate_mbar_per_year):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows the slow march of Terraforming.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    target_pressure_mbar = 1000  # Earth = 1013 mbar&lt;br /&gt;
    current_mars_pressure = 6    # Mars = 6 mbar&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    total_increase = release_rate_mbar_per_year * years&lt;br /&gt;
    final_pressure = current_mars_pressure + total_increase&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    if final_pressure &amp;gt;= target_pressure_mbar:&lt;br /&gt;
        return f&amp;quot;STATUS: HABITABLE. ({years} years. Pressure: {final_pressure} mbar. Mars is breathing).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        pct = round((final_pressure / target_pressure_mbar) * 100, 1)&lt;br /&gt;
        return f&amp;quot;STATUS: {pct}% COMPLETE. ({years} years. Pressure: {final_pressure} mbar).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: Aggressive industrial release at 5 mbar/year&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_terraforming_progress(200, 5))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Engineering Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Zubrin&amp;#039; Mars Direct Plan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 688). &amp;quot;A Detailed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Mission Architecture&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Mars Colonization&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Proposes&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Atmospheric Manufacture&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;First Landing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;SpaceX &amp;#039;Starship&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 688). &amp;quot;The Current&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Best Candidate&amp;quot; for the &amp;quot;Initial&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Colonization Missions&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Precede&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Full&amp;quot; **Terraforming.**&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mars Polar Ice Cap Analysis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (MRO) → &amp;quot;Confirming&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Massive&amp;quot; **CO₂** and &amp;quot;Water Ice Reserves&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Could&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;Released&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Kickstart&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Warming.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Synthetic Biology on Mars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 692). &amp;quot;Designing&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Radiation-resistant, Nitrogen-fixing&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Microbes&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Ecopoiesis.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Terraforming Strategies&lt;br /&gt;
! Strategy !! Timescale !! Mechanism !! Risk&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Orbital Mirrors || 100–500 years || &amp;quot;Warm poles, release CO₂&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Mirror deployment failure&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Greenhouse Gas Release || 50–200 years || &amp;quot;Industrial CFC factories on Mars&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Requires massive infrastructure&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Biological Ecopoiesis || 500–5,000 years || &amp;quot;Extremophile pioneers build biosphere&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Ecosystem unpredictability&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Artificial Magnetosphere || 100–1,000 years || &amp;quot;Superconducting ring at L1&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Power requirements&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Asteroid Diversion (N₂) || 50–200 years || &amp;quot;Crash N₂-rich asteroids for pressure&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Catastrophic targeting errors&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Ethics&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Duty.&amp;quot; (See Article 665). Do we &amp;quot;Have&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Right&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Transform&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Another World&amp;quot;? If &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Microbial Life,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Terraforming&amp;quot; would be **&amp;quot;Planetary Genocide.&amp;quot;** **The Ethics of Terraforming** &amp;quot;Require&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Global Search&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Martian Life&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Before&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Major Environmental Change.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Exploration&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;The First Duty.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating Terraforming Mars:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Life&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: What if &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Extant Microbial Life&amp;quot;** in its &amp;quot;Subsurface&amp;quot;? Do we &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; it?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cost&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Terraforming Mars&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Worth&amp;quot;** the &amp;quot;Resources&amp;quot; compared to &amp;quot;Fixing Earth&amp;quot; (see Article 680)?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Permanence&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Maintain&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Martian Atmosphere&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Millions of Years&amp;quot;** without &amp;quot;Continuous Effort&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;The Terraforming Project&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Human Concept of Home&amp;quot;**?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Terraforming&amp;#039; AI Orchestrator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Millions&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Feedback Loops&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Living Planetary System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Guide&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Safe Terraforming.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;VR &amp;#039;Mars in 200 Years&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 604). A &amp;quot;Walkthrough&amp;quot; of **&amp;quot;Terraformed Mars&amp;quot;** — its &amp;quot;Seas,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Forests,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cities.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Planetary&amp;#039; Engineering Ledger&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 533). A &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Transparent&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Tracking&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Atmospheric Changes&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; &amp;quot;International Oversight.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global &amp;#039;Mars&amp;#039; Constitution&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 630). A &amp;quot;Planetary Treaty&amp;quot; (see Article 687) to &amp;quot;Govern&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Terraforming Rights&amp;quot;** and &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Benefits&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;All Humanity.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Planetary Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Future Studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terraforming]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Space Exploration]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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