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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:58:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:58, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit is the &amp;quot;Study of the Final Border&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Legal and Political Framework&amp;quot; (~1967–Present) that &amp;quot;Governs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Human Activity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Outside&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s Atmosphere.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; (see Article 676), **Space** is &amp;quot;The Province of All Mankind.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Outer Space Treaty&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Kessler Syndrome&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Asteroid Mining&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Satellite Warfare,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Power Struggle in the Void.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Off-world Governance,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cannot be Owned&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;The Congestion of Orbit&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Is&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Threat&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Modern Civilization.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit is the &amp;quot;Study of the Final Border&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Legal and Political Framework&amp;quot; (~1967–Present) that &amp;quot;Governs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Human Activity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Outside&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s Atmosphere.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; (see Article 676), **Space** is &amp;quot;The Province of All Mankind.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Outer Space Treaty&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Kessler Syndrome&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Asteroid Mining&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Satellite Warfare,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Power Struggle in the Void.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Off-world Governance,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cannot be Owned&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;The Congestion of Orbit&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Is&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Threat&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Modern Civilization.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Outer Space Treaty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (OST) — (1967). The &amp;quot;Constitution&amp;quot; of Space: &amp;quot;Banning&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nuclear Weapons&amp;quot; in orbit and &amp;quot;Stating&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Nation&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Claim&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Celestial Bodies.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Outer Space Treaty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (OST) — (1967). The &amp;quot;Constitution&amp;quot; of Space: &amp;quot;Banning&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nuclear Weapons&amp;quot; in orbit and &amp;quot;Stating&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Nation&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Claim&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Celestial Bodies.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Law&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Body of Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Governing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Space-related Activities,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Encompassing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Treaties,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Resolutions,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;National Regulations.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Law&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Body of Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Governing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Space-related Activities,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Encompassing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Treaties,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Resolutions,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;National Regulations.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Junk&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Thousands&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Defunct Satellites,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spent Rocket Stages,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbiting&amp;quot; Earth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Junk&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Thousands&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Defunct Satellites,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spent Rocket Stages,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbiting&amp;quot; Earth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dual-Use Technology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 682). &amp;quot;Satellites&amp;quot; that can be used for both &amp;quot;Civilian Communication&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Military Targeting.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dual-Use Technology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 682). &amp;quot;Satellites&amp;quot; that can be used for both &amp;quot;Civilian Communication&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Military Targeting.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Space Law is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Congestion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Property&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Space Law is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Congestion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Property&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l40&quot;&gt;Line 40:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 47:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Cosmos 954&amp;#039; Incident (1978)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Nuclear-powered&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Soviet Satellite&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Crashed&amp;quot; in **Canada**, &amp;quot;Scattering&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Radioactive Debris.&amp;quot; It was the &amp;quot;First Time&amp;quot; the **Liability Convention** was &amp;quot;Invoked.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Space Accidents&amp;quot; have **&amp;quot;Planetary Consequences.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Cosmos 954&amp;#039; Incident (1978)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Nuclear-powered&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Soviet Satellite&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Crashed&amp;quot; in **Canada**, &amp;quot;Scattering&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Radioactive Debris.&amp;quot; It was the &amp;quot;First Time&amp;quot; the **Liability Convention** was &amp;quot;Invoked.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Space Accidents&amp;quot; have **&amp;quot;Planetary Consequences.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Kessler Risk&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Probability&amp;#039; of a Cascade):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Kessler Risk&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Probability&amp;#039; of a Cascade):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l68&quot;&gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;San Remo&amp;#039; Manual&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 542). A &amp;quot;Guideline&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;International Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Applicable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Armed Conflict&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Outer Space.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;San Remo&amp;#039; Manual&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 542). A &amp;quot;Guideline&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;International Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Applicable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Armed Conflict&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Outer Space.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Sustainability Rating&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (SSR) — A &amp;quot;Proposed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Scoring System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Encourage&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbital Behavior.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Sustainability Rating&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (SSR) — A &amp;quot;Proposed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Scoring System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Encourage&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbital Behavior.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Territorial Sovereignty vs. Space Jurisdiction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Territorial Sovereignty vs. Space Jurisdiction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l86&quot;&gt;Line 86:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 97:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Protection&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Quarantine.&amp;quot; (See Article 686). Scientists &amp;quot;Demand&amp;quot; that we &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bring&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; (Forward Contamination) or **&amp;quot;Mars Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; (Back Contamination). **Space Law** &amp;quot;Must&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Scientific Integrity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Universe.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The Void&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;A Laboratory.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Protection&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Quarantine.&amp;quot; (See Article 686). Scientists &amp;quot;Demand&amp;quot; that we &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bring&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; (Forward Contamination) or **&amp;quot;Mars Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; (Back Contamination). **Space Law** &amp;quot;Must&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Scientific Integrity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Universe.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The Void&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;A Laboratory.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Space Law:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Space Law:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;For All Mankind,&amp;quot; or just for the **&amp;quot;Rich Few&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Star-link&amp;#039; problem)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;For All Mankind,&amp;quot; or just for the **&amp;quot;Rich Few&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Star-link&amp;#039; problem)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l93&quot;&gt;Line 93:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Debris&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 680). Who is &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Cleaning Up&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Space Junk&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Debris&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 680). Who is &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Cleaning Up&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Space Junk&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;Space Mining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global Economy&amp;quot;** (see Article 138)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;Space Mining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global Economy&amp;quot;** (see Article 138)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Orbital&amp;#039; Air-Traffic AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;100,000 Satellites&amp;quot;** and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Avoid&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Collisions.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Orbital&amp;#039; Air-Traffic AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;100,000 Satellites&amp;quot;** and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Avoid&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Collisions.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l112&quot;&gt;Line 112:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 127:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Technology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Space_Law_and_the_Geopolitics_of_Orbit&amp;diff=2248&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Space_Law_and_the_Geopolitics_of_Orbit&amp;diff=2248&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T17:41:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Space Law and the Geopolitics of Orbit is the &amp;quot;Study of the Final Border&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Legal and Political Framework&amp;quot; (~1967–Present) that &amp;quot;Governs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Human Activity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Outside&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Earth&amp;#039;s Atmosphere.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; has &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; (see Article 676), **Space** is &amp;quot;The Province of All Mankind.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Outer Space Treaty&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Kessler Syndrome&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Asteroid Mining&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Satellite Warfare,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Power Struggle in the Void.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Off-world Governance,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cannot be Owned&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;The Congestion of Orbit&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Is&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Threat&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Modern Civilization.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Outer Space Treaty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (OST) — (1967). The &amp;quot;Constitution&amp;quot; of Space: &amp;quot;Banning&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nuclear Weapons&amp;quot; in orbit and &amp;quot;Stating&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Nation&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Claim&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Celestial Bodies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Law&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Body of Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Governing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Space-related Activities,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Encompassing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Treaties,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Resolutions,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;National Regulations.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kessler Syndrome&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 589). The &amp;quot;Scenario&amp;quot; where the &amp;quot;Density&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Space Debris&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Low Earth Orbit&amp;quot; (LEO) is &amp;quot;High Enough&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Collisions&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Cascade,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Making&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Space Flight&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Impossible.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Asteroid Mining&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Hypothetical&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Extraction&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Resources&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Water,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Platinum,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Nickel&amp;#039;) from &amp;quot;Near-Earth Objects.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Geostationary Orbit&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (GEO) — A &amp;quot;Specific Orbit&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;Satellites&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stay&amp;quot; over the &amp;quot;Same Spot&amp;quot; on Earth, &amp;quot;Essential&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Communication.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Force&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Trend&amp;quot; toward &amp;quot;Militarizing&amp;quot; Space: &amp;quot;Dedicated Military Branches&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Aimed&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;Protecting&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Space Assets.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Artemis Accords&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (NASA). A &amp;quot;Modern&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Non-binding&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Agreement&amp;quot; between &amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Rules&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Lunar Exploration&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Resource Use.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Liability Convention&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1972) — The &amp;quot;Rule&amp;quot; that a &amp;quot;Launching State&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Strictly Liable&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Damage&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Caused&amp;quot; by its &amp;quot;Space Objects&amp;quot; on Earth or in Space.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Junk&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Thousands&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Defunct Satellites,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spent Rocket Stages,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbiting&amp;quot; Earth.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dual-Use Technology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 682). &amp;quot;Satellites&amp;quot; that can be used for both &amp;quot;Civilian Communication&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Military Targeting.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Space Law is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Congestion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Property&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Crowded&amp;quot; Sky (Congestion)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Too many Satellites, Too much Trash.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 670). Our **Digital Civilization** &amp;quot;Depends&amp;quot; on **Satellites** (GPS, Internet, Weather).&lt;br /&gt;
* **Low Earth Orbit** is becoming **&amp;quot;Congested&amp;quot;** with &amp;quot;Mega-constellations&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Starlink&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* Every **Collision** &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot;** that &amp;quot;Orbit&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;Thousands of Miles per Hour.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If we &amp;quot;Reach&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Kessler Limit,&amp;quot;** we &amp;quot;Lose&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Access&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Generations.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Orbit&amp;quot; is a **&amp;quot;Finite Resource.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Ownership&amp;quot; Paradox (Property)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You can&amp;#039;t own the Land, but can you own the Rock?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The **OST** says you &amp;quot;Cannot&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Own&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Moon.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* However, &amp;quot;Private Companies&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Argue&amp;quot; that if they &amp;quot;Extract&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Ice&amp;quot;** or **&amp;quot;Gold&amp;quot;** from an **&amp;quot;Asteroid,&amp;quot;** that **&amp;quot;Resource&amp;quot;** is **&amp;quot;Theirs.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* This is the **&amp;quot;Mining Controversy&amp;quot;**: &amp;quot;How&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Balance&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Common Heritage&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Economic Incentive.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The Law&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Ambiguous.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;High Ground&amp;quot; (Militarization)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;He who controls Orbit, controls Earth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 677). **Realists** &amp;quot;View&amp;quot; Space as the **&amp;quot;Ultimate Strategic Terrain.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Satellites&amp;quot; are **&amp;quot;Eyes and Ears&amp;quot;** for &amp;quot;Modern Armies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **&amp;quot;Anti-Satellite Weapons&amp;quot;** (ASAT) &amp;quot;Threaten&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Blind&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nations,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Leading&amp;quot; to **&amp;quot;Conflict Escalation.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;The Fourth Domain of War.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Cosmos 954&amp;#039; Incident (1978)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Nuclear-powered&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Soviet Satellite&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Crashed&amp;quot; in **Canada**, &amp;quot;Scattering&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Radioactive Debris.&amp;quot; It was the &amp;quot;First Time&amp;quot; the **Liability Convention** was &amp;quot;Invoked.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Space Accidents&amp;quot; have **&amp;quot;Planetary Consequences.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Kessler Risk&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Probability&amp;#039; of a Cascade):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_debris_risk(satellite_count, debris_fragments_count):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows the fragility of the &amp;#039;Digital Sky&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    # Risk increases with density&lt;br /&gt;
    # Simplified: Probability ~ (Objects^2) / Volume&lt;br /&gt;
    risk_factor = (satellite_count * debris_fragments_count) / 1e12&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    if risk_factor &amp;gt; 1.0:&lt;br /&gt;
        return f&amp;quot;RISK: CRITICAL. (Kessler Cascade Imminent. Space access is &amp;#039;Vulnerable&amp;#039;).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif risk_factor &amp;gt; 0.1:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;RISK: ELEVATED. (Active debris removal required).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;RISK: STABLE.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: Current orbit with ~10k active sats and ~1M fragments&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_debris_risk(10000, 1000000))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Legal Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Moon Treaty&amp;#039; (1979)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → An &amp;quot;Attempt&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ban&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Private Property&amp;quot; on the Moon: &amp;quot;Rejected&amp;quot; by all &amp;quot;Major Spacefaring Nations.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;SpaceX / Starlink&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 684). The &amp;quot;Rise&amp;quot; of **&amp;quot;Private Actors&amp;quot;** who &amp;quot;Launch&amp;quot; &amp;quot;More&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Nations,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Challenging&amp;quot; &amp;quot;State-centric&amp;quot; Law.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;San Remo&amp;#039; Manual&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 542). A &amp;quot;Guideline&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;International Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Applicable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Armed Conflict&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Outer Space.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Sustainability Rating&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (SSR) — A &amp;quot;Proposed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Scoring System&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Encourage&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Orbital Behavior.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Territorial Sovereignty vs. Space Jurisdiction&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Earth (Westphalian) !! Space (OST)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Property || &amp;quot;Excludable / Private / State-owned&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Province of Mankind / Non-Appropriable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Boundaries || &amp;quot;Defined / Defended Borders&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Universal / No Vertical Borders&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Military || &amp;quot;Full Sovereignty / Deployment&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Peaceful Purposes / No Nukes&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Resources || &amp;quot;State-controlled&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Common Heritage (Contested)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Fenced Field&amp;#039; || The &amp;#039;Open Ocean&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Planetary Protection&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Quarantine.&amp;quot; (See Article 686). Scientists &amp;quot;Demand&amp;quot; that we &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bring&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Earth Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; (Forward Contamination) or **&amp;quot;Mars Life&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Earth&amp;quot; (Back Contamination). **Space Law** &amp;quot;Must&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Scientific Integrity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Universe.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The Void&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;A Laboratory.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating Space Law:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Space&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;For All Mankind,&amp;quot; or just for the **&amp;quot;Rich Few&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Star-link&amp;#039; problem)?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;War&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can the **&amp;quot;OST&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Prevent&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Space Pearl Harbor&amp;quot;**?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Debris&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 680). Who is &amp;quot;Responsible&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Cleaning Up&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Space Junk&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How will &amp;quot;Space Mining&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global Economy&amp;quot;** (see Article 138)?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Orbital&amp;#039; Air-Traffic AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Manages&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;100,000 Satellites&amp;quot;** and &amp;quot;Fragments&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Avoid&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Collisions.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;VR &amp;#039;Space Border&amp;#039; Simulator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 604). A &amp;quot;Walkthrough&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Invisible Legal Layers&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Orbit.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Lunar&amp;#039; Property Ledger&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 533). A &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Tracks&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Resource Extraction&amp;quot;** on the &amp;quot;Moon&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Global Royalty Sharing.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global &amp;#039;Space-Cleanup&amp;#039; DAO&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 630). A &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Funds&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Debris Removal Robots&amp;quot;** through &amp;quot;Satellite Launch Taxes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geopolitics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Relations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Space Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Law]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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