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	<title>Public Policy and Behavioral Insights - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:08:18Z</updated>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:56:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Public Policy and Behavioral Insights&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:56, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public Policy and Behavioral Insights is the &amp;quot;Study of the Evidence&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific Method&amp;quot; (~2010–Present) &amp;quot;Applied&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Government&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Social Change.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Traditional Policy&amp;quot; relies on &amp;quot;Opinion&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ideology,&amp;quot; **Behavioral Insights** relies on &amp;quot;Experiments&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Data.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Randomized Controlled Trials&amp;quot; (RCTs) and &amp;quot;Nudge Units&amp;quot; (see Article 618) to &amp;quot;Evidence-based Legislation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Optimization of Society.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;What Works,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Small Change&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Save Billions&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Taxpayer Dollars&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Behavioral Science&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Turning&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;State&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Social Laboratory.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public Policy and Behavioral Insights is the &amp;quot;Study of the Evidence&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific Method&amp;quot; (~2010–Present) &amp;quot;Applied&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Government&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Social Change.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Traditional Policy&amp;quot; relies on &amp;quot;Opinion&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ideology,&amp;quot; **Behavioral Insights** relies on &amp;quot;Experiments&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Data.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Randomized Controlled Trials&amp;quot; (RCTs) and &amp;quot;Nudge Units&amp;quot; (see Article 618) to &amp;quot;Evidence-based Legislation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Optimization of Society.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;What Works,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Small Change&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Save Billions&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Taxpayer Dollars&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Behavioral Science&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Turning&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;State&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Social Laboratory.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral Insights&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (BI) — The &amp;quot;Application&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Psychology&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Behavioral Economics&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Public Policy.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral Insights&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (BI) — The &amp;quot;Application&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Psychology&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Behavioral Economics&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Public Policy.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Randomized Controlled Trial&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (RCT) — The &amp;quot;Gold Standard&amp;quot; of evidence: &amp;quot;Comparing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Test Group&amp;quot; (who gets the policy) to a &amp;quot;Control Group&amp;quot; (who doesn&amp;#039;t) to &amp;quot;Measure&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Actual Impact.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Randomized Controlled Trial&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (RCT) — The &amp;quot;Gold Standard&amp;quot; of evidence: &amp;quot;Comparing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Test Group&amp;quot; (who gets the policy) to a &amp;quot;Control Group&amp;quot; (who doesn&amp;#039;t) to &amp;quot;Measure&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Actual Impact.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A/B Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Two Versions&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Two different tax letters&amp;#039;) to &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; which one &amp;quot;Performs Better.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A/B Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Two Versions&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Two different tax letters&amp;#039;) to &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; which one &amp;quot;Performs Better.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;What Works&amp;#039; Network&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Global Movement&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Centers&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Collect and Share&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Crime,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Health,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Education.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;What Works&amp;#039; Network&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Global Movement&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Centers&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Collect and Share&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Crime,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Health,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Education.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public policy is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Iteration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public policy is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Iteration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l38&quot;&gt;Line 38:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 45:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;PROGRESA&amp;#039; Program (Mexico)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: One of the &amp;quot;First&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Large-Scale&amp;quot; RCTs in policy. It &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conditional Cash Transfers&amp;quot; (Giving money only if kids go to school). It was **&amp;quot;Proven&amp;quot;** so &amp;quot;Successful&amp;quot; that it was &amp;quot;Copied&amp;quot; by **50+ Countries.** It proved that &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Travel&amp;quot; across &amp;quot;Cultures.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;PROGRESA&amp;#039; Program (Mexico)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: One of the &amp;quot;First&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Large-Scale&amp;quot; RCTs in policy. It &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conditional Cash Transfers&amp;quot; (Giving money only if kids go to school). It was **&amp;quot;Proven&amp;quot;** so &amp;quot;Successful&amp;quot; that it was &amp;quot;Copied&amp;quot; by **50+ Countries.** It proved that &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Travel&amp;quot; across &amp;quot;Cultures.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Policy Test&amp;#039; (Simulating an &amp;#039;RCT&amp;#039; Result):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Policy Test&amp;#039; (Simulating an &amp;#039;RCT&amp;#039; Result):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l65&quot;&gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 74:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Universal Basic Income (UBI) Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 560). &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Impact&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Free Money&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Health and Work&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Small Trials&amp;quot; before &amp;quot;National Implementation.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Universal Basic Income (UBI) Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 560). &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Impact&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Free Money&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Health and Work&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Small Trials&amp;quot; before &amp;quot;National Implementation.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral &amp;#039;Welfare&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Simplifying&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Application Process&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Aid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Increase Uptake&amp;quot; among the &amp;quot;Most Vulnerable.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral &amp;#039;Welfare&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Simplifying&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Application Process&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Aid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Increase Uptake&amp;quot; among the &amp;quot;Most Vulnerable.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Ideology vs. Evidence&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Ideology vs. Evidence&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l83&quot;&gt;Line 83:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 94:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Replication Crisis&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Doubt.&amp;quot; (See Article 161). Some &amp;quot;Famous&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Behavioral Results&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Power Posing&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ego Depletion&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Failed to Replicate&amp;quot; when &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; again. **Public Policy** must be &amp;quot;Careful&amp;quot; not to &amp;quot;Build the State&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Shaky Science.&amp;quot; It requires **&amp;quot;Continuous Auditing.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Replication Crisis&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Doubt.&amp;quot; (See Article 161). Some &amp;quot;Famous&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Behavioral Results&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Power Posing&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ego Depletion&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Failed to Replicate&amp;quot; when &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; again. **Public Policy** must be &amp;quot;Careful&amp;quot; not to &amp;quot;Build the State&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Shaky Science.&amp;quot; It requires **&amp;quot;Continuous Auditing.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Public Policy and BI:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Public Policy and BI:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democracy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Nudging&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bypass&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Public Debate&amp;quot;? (Is it &amp;#039;Manipulative&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democracy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Nudging&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bypass&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Public Debate&amp;quot;? (Is it &amp;#039;Manipulative&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l90&quot;&gt;Line 90:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 103:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Ethical&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Experiment&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Informed Consent&amp;#039; problem).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Ethical&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Experiment&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Informed Consent&amp;#039; problem).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why did &amp;quot;Behavioral Insights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fail&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; (see Article 526)? (Is &amp;#039;Nudging&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Too Small&amp;#039; for &amp;#039;Big Problems&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why did &amp;quot;Behavioral Insights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fail&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; (see Article 526)? (Is &amp;#039;Nudging&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Too Small&amp;#039; for &amp;#039;Big Problems&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Algorithmic&amp;#039; Constitution&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;System&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Tests&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Retires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ineffective Laws&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Real-Time Data&amp;quot; (see Article 157).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Algorithmic&amp;#039; Constitution&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;System&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Tests&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Retires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ineffective Laws&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Real-Time Data&amp;quot; (see Article 157).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l106&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 121:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Future Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Future Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Public_Policy_and_Behavioral_Insights&amp;diff=2116&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Public Policy and Behavioral Insights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Public_Policy_and_Behavioral_Insights&amp;diff=2116&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T17:15:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Public Policy and Behavioral Insights&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Public Policy and Behavioral Insights is the &amp;quot;Study of the Evidence&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Scientific Method&amp;quot; (~2010–Present) &amp;quot;Applied&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Government&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Social Change.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Traditional Policy&amp;quot; relies on &amp;quot;Opinion&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ideology,&amp;quot; **Behavioral Insights** relies on &amp;quot;Experiments&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Data.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Randomized Controlled Trials&amp;quot; (RCTs) and &amp;quot;Nudge Units&amp;quot; (see Article 618) to &amp;quot;Evidence-based Legislation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Optimization of Society.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;What Works,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Small Change&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Save Billions&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Taxpayer Dollars&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Behavioral Science&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Turning&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;State&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Social Laboratory.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral Insights&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (BI) — The &amp;quot;Application&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Psychology&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Behavioral Economics&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Public Policy.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Randomized Controlled Trial&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (RCT) — The &amp;quot;Gold Standard&amp;quot; of evidence: &amp;quot;Comparing&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Test Group&amp;quot; (who gets the policy) to a &amp;quot;Control Group&amp;quot; (who doesn&amp;#039;t) to &amp;quot;Measure&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Actual Impact.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Evidence-Based Policy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Principle&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Policy Decisions&amp;quot; should be &amp;quot;Guided&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;High-Quality Data&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Rigorous Analysis.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nudge Unit&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 618). A &amp;quot;Dedicated Team&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Behavioral Scientists&amp;quot; within a &amp;quot;Government.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Scaling Up&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Taking&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Successful Experiment&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Applying it&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Entire Population.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Counter-Intuitive Result&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When a &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Sounds Good&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Actually Fails&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Backfires&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;The Cobra Effect&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Implementation Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Study&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;How&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Effectively&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Deliver&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Real World.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cognitive Diversity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 545). &amp;quot;Including&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Different Perspectives&amp;quot; in the &amp;quot;Design&amp;quot; of policy to &amp;quot;Avoid&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Biases&amp;quot; (see Article 617).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A/B Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Two Versions&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Two different tax letters&amp;#039;) to &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; which one &amp;quot;Performs Better.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;What Works&amp;#039; Network&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Global Movement&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Centers&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Collect and Share&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Crime,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Health,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Education.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Public policy is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Testing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Iteration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Laboratory&amp;quot; of the State (RCTs)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Why &amp;quot;Guess&amp;quot; when you can &amp;quot;Know&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
* In **Traditional Policy**, a &amp;quot;Leader&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Has an Idea&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Passes a Law.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* In **Behavioral Policy**, the &amp;quot;Leader&amp;quot; says: &amp;quot;Let&amp;#039;s test **Three Ideas** in **One City** for **Six Months.**&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* By &amp;quot;Measuring&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Data&amp;quot;** (see Article 157), we &amp;quot;Find&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Most Effective&amp;quot; solution.&lt;br /&gt;
* It is &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; applied to **&amp;quot;Sovereignty&amp;quot;** (see Article 543).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Correction&amp;quot; of Intent (The Backfire Effect)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Good Intentions&amp;quot; are not &amp;quot;Good Results.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **The &amp;#039;Cobra Effect&amp;#039;**: In colonial India, the government &amp;quot;Offered a Bounty&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Dead Cobras&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Reduce the Population.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Result**: People started **&amp;quot;Breeding Cobras&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Get the Bounty.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Behavioral Insights** &amp;quot;Anticipates&amp;quot; these &amp;quot;Perverse Incentives&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Psychology&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Simulation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It is &amp;quot;Policy Realism.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Cost-Effective&amp;quot; Nudge (Efficiency)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Big Changes&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Small Pixels.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Governments often think they need &amp;quot;Massive Budgets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Change Behavior.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Behavioral Insights** showed that &amp;quot;Changing the Wording&amp;quot; on a &amp;quot;Tax Form&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Mention Social Proof&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;90% of your neighbors pay on time&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Collected&amp;quot; **Millions** in &amp;quot;Extra Revenue.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It is **&amp;quot;Cheap Innovation.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;PROGRESA&amp;#039; Program (Mexico)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: One of the &amp;quot;First&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Large-Scale&amp;quot; RCTs in policy. It &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conditional Cash Transfers&amp;quot; (Giving money only if kids go to school). It was **&amp;quot;Proven&amp;quot;** so &amp;quot;Successful&amp;quot; that it was &amp;quot;Copied&amp;quot; by **50+ Countries.** It proved that &amp;quot;Evidence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Travel&amp;quot; across &amp;quot;Cultures.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Policy Test&amp;#039; (Simulating an &amp;#039;RCT&amp;#039; Result):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import random&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
def simulate_policy_rct(num_people, policy_effectiveness_boost):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows how &amp;#039;Control Groups&amp;#039; reveal the &amp;#039;Truth&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    control_group = [random.randint(0, 100) for _ in range(num_people)]&lt;br /&gt;
    test_group = [random.randint(0, 100) + policy_effectiveness_boost for _ in range(num_people)]&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    avg_control = sum(control_group) / num_people&lt;br /&gt;
    avg_test = sum(test_group) / num_people&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;RESULT: Policy increased outcome from {round(avg_control, 1)} to {round(avg_test, 1)}. (Lift: {round(avg_test - avg_control, 1)} points).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A &amp;#039;New Literacy Program&amp;#039; with a +15 point boost&lt;br /&gt;
print(simulate_policy_rct(1000, 15))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Policy Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Nudge&amp;#039; Book (2008)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Catalyst&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Inspiring&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Obama&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cameron&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Build&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;First Nudge Units.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;BIT (The Behavioural Insights Team)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;UK Unit&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Proved&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;ROI&amp;quot; (Return on Investment) of &amp;quot;Behavioral Science&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Government.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Universal Basic Income (UBI) Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 560). &amp;quot;Testing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Impact&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Free Money&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Health and Work&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Small Trials&amp;quot; before &amp;quot;National Implementation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Behavioral &amp;#039;Welfare&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Simplifying&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Application Process&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Aid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Increase Uptake&amp;quot; among the &amp;quot;Most Vulnerable.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Ideology vs. Evidence&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Ideology-Based Policy !! Evidence-Based Policy&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Driver || &amp;quot;Beliefs / Values / Party Line&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Data / Experiments / Results&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Speed || &amp;quot;Fast&amp;quot; (Pass the law now) || &amp;quot;Slow&amp;quot; (Test and learn first)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Error Rate || &amp;quot;High&amp;quot; (Unforeseen consequences) || &amp;quot;Low&amp;quot; (Tested and refined)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| View of Human || &amp;quot;Abstract / Theoretical&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Biological / Psychological&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Manifesto&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Clinical Trial&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Replication Crisis&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Doubt.&amp;quot; (See Article 161). Some &amp;quot;Famous&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Behavioral Results&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Power Posing&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ego Depletion&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Failed to Replicate&amp;quot; when &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; again. **Public Policy** must be &amp;quot;Careful&amp;quot; not to &amp;quot;Build the State&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Shaky Science.&amp;quot; It requires **&amp;quot;Continuous Auditing.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating Public Policy and BI:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democracy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Nudging&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bypass&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Public Debate&amp;quot;? (Is it &amp;#039;Manipulative&amp;#039;?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Justice&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 560). Does &amp;quot;Behavioral Policy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Focus&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Changing the Individual&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;Fixing the System&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Ethical&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Experiment&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Informed Consent&amp;#039; problem).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why did &amp;quot;Behavioral Insights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fail&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; (see Article 526)? (Is &amp;#039;Nudging&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Too Small&amp;#039; for &amp;#039;Big Problems&amp;#039;?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Algorithmic&amp;#039; Constitution&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;System&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Tests&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Retires&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ineffective Laws&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Real-Time Data&amp;quot; (see Article 157).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personalized &amp;#039;Government&amp;#039; Services&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Policy&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Adjusts&amp;quot; its &amp;quot;Communication&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Your Personality Type,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Maximizing&amp;quot; your &amp;quot;Well-being.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global &amp;#039;Evidence&amp;#039; Ledger&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 533). A &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Catalogs&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Success&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Every Policy&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Every City,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Creating&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Global Brain&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Governance.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Virtual &amp;#039;Society&amp;#039; Simulations&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Using &amp;quot;AI Agents&amp;quot; (see Article 08) to &amp;quot;Simulate&amp;quot; **1 Million Citizens** to &amp;quot;Test&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;New Law&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Before&amp;quot; it is &amp;quot;Applied&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Real People.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Behavioral Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Future Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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