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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Public_Engagement_with_Science</id>
	<title>Public Engagement with Science - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:12:56Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Public Engagement with Science</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:56:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Public Engagement with Science&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:56, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public Engagement with Science is the &amp;quot;Study of the Conversation&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Move Beyond&amp;quot; just &amp;quot;Telling&amp;quot; the public about science (see Article 541) into &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; to them and &amp;quot;Working Together.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science Communication&amp;quot; is about &amp;quot;Information,&amp;quot; **Public Engagement** is about &amp;quot;Power.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; (where regular people collect data) to &amp;quot;Co-Creation&amp;quot; (where the public helps &amp;#039;Design&amp;#039; the research) and &amp;quot;Deliberative Democracy&amp;quot; (where citizens help &amp;#039;Decide&amp;#039; on policy), this field explores the &amp;quot;Democratization of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Inclusion,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; is too &amp;quot;Important&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;Left Only to the Scientists.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public Engagement with Science is the &amp;quot;Study of the Conversation&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Move Beyond&amp;quot; just &amp;quot;Telling&amp;quot; the public about science (see Article 541) into &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; to them and &amp;quot;Working Together.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science Communication&amp;quot; is about &amp;quot;Information,&amp;quot; **Public Engagement** is about &amp;quot;Power.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; (where regular people collect data) to &amp;quot;Co-Creation&amp;quot; (where the public helps &amp;#039;Design&amp;#039; the research) and &amp;quot;Deliberative Democracy&amp;quot; (where citizens help &amp;#039;Decide&amp;#039; on policy), this field explores the &amp;quot;Democratization of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Inclusion,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; is too &amp;quot;Important&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;Left Only to the Scientists.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Public Engagement with Science (PES)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Two-Way&amp;quot; process involving &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; with the goal of generating &amp;quot;Mutual Benefit.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Public Engagement with Science (PES)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Two-Way&amp;quot; process involving &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; with the goal of generating &amp;quot;Mutual Benefit.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Citizen Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Participation&amp;quot; of the general public in &amp;quot;Scientific Research,&amp;quot; usually by &amp;quot;Collecting Data&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Bird watching&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Protein folding games&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Citizen Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Participation&amp;quot; of the general public in &amp;quot;Scientific Research,&amp;quot; usually by &amp;quot;Collecting Data&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Bird watching&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Protein folding games&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transdisciplinarity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Research that &amp;quot;Integrates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Academic Knowledge&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Practical Knowledge&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Real World.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transdisciplinarity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Research that &amp;quot;Integrates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Academic Knowledge&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Practical Knowledge&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Real World.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social License to Operate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Trust and Approval&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; that a &amp;quot;Laboratory&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Company&amp;quot; needs to &amp;quot;Do its work&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Fracking&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social License to Operate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Trust and Approval&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; that a &amp;quot;Laboratory&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Company&amp;quot; needs to &amp;quot;Do its work&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Fracking&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public engagement is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Participation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Public engagement is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Participation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l40&quot;&gt;Line 40:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 47:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Flint Water&amp;#039; Crisis (2014)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: When &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; told the people of Flint, Michigan, their water was safe, the **People knew they were lying**. The community &amp;quot;Organized&amp;quot; their own &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; team to &amp;quot;Test the Water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Prove the Experts Wrong.&amp;quot; It is the &amp;quot;Ultimate Example&amp;quot; of why &amp;quot;Public Engagement&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Required Safety Valve&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Expert Power.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Flint Water&amp;#039; Crisis (2014)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: When &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; told the people of Flint, Michigan, their water was safe, the **People knew they were lying**. The community &amp;quot;Organized&amp;quot; their own &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; team to &amp;quot;Test the Water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Prove the Experts Wrong.&amp;quot; It is the &amp;quot;Ultimate Example&amp;quot; of why &amp;quot;Public Engagement&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Required Safety Valve&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Expert Power.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Engagement Ladder&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Level&amp;#039; of Public Power):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Engagement Ladder&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Level&amp;#039; of Public Power):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l64&quot;&gt;Line 64:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 73:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Irish&amp;#039; Citizens&amp;#039; Assembly&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A &amp;quot;Group of Citizens&amp;quot; who &amp;quot;Deliberated&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Abortion,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Major Law Changes&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Scientific and Moral&amp;quot; evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Irish&amp;#039; Citizens&amp;#039; Assembly&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A &amp;quot;Group of Citizens&amp;quot; who &amp;quot;Deliberated&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Abortion,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Major Law Changes&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Scientific and Moral&amp;quot; evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;DIY Biology (Biohacking)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Disruption&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; building &amp;quot;Labs in their Garages&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do Science&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Universities,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Ultimate Engagement.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;DIY Biology (Biohacking)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Disruption&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; building &amp;quot;Labs in their Garages&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do Science&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Universities,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Ultimate Engagement.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Science Communication vs. Public Engagement&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Science Communication vs. Public Engagement&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l82&quot;&gt;Line 82:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 93:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Upstream Engagement&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Timing.&amp;quot; We shouldn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Ask the public&amp;quot; **After** the &amp;quot;Technology&amp;quot; is finished (Downstream). We should &amp;quot;Ask them&amp;quot; **Before** we start (Upstream). This &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Rejection&amp;quot; of things like &amp;#039;GMOs&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Nuclear Power&amp;#039; by &amp;quot;Building them&amp;quot; to match &amp;quot;Public Hopes.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Upstream Engagement&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Timing.&amp;quot; We shouldn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Ask the public&amp;quot; **After** the &amp;quot;Technology&amp;quot; is finished (Downstream). We should &amp;quot;Ask them&amp;quot; **Before** we start (Upstream). This &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Rejection&amp;quot; of things like &amp;#039;GMOs&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Nuclear Power&amp;#039; by &amp;quot;Building them&amp;quot; to match &amp;quot;Public Hopes.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating public engagement:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating public engagement:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bias&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; (who aren&amp;#039;t experts) &amp;quot;Help Design&amp;quot; the research, does the &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Less Objective&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bias&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; (who aren&amp;#039;t experts) &amp;quot;Help Design&amp;quot; the research, does the &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Less Objective&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l89&quot;&gt;Line 89:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 102:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Burnout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Expect&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Busy People&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Spend 10 hours a week&amp;quot; doing &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Deliberation&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Burnout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Expect&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Busy People&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Spend 10 hours a week&amp;quot; doing &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Deliberation&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exclusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Engagement&amp;quot; only attract &amp;quot;Rich, Educated People,&amp;quot; leaving the &amp;quot;Voices of the Poor&amp;quot; even more &amp;quot;Invisible&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exclusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Engagement&amp;quot; only attract &amp;quot;Rich, Educated People,&amp;quot; leaving the &amp;quot;Voices of the Poor&amp;quot; even more &amp;quot;Invisible&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;City-Lab&amp;#039; App&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app where &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Post a Question&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Is my park safe?&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Local Scientists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Help them solve it&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;University&amp;quot; resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;City-Lab&amp;#039; App&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app where &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Post a Question&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Is my park safe?&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Local Scientists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Help them solve it&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;University&amp;quot; resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l103&quot;&gt;Line 103:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 118:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Public_Engagement_with_Science&amp;diff=1965&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Public Engagement with Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Public_Engagement_with_Science&amp;diff=1965&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T16:41:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Public Engagement with Science&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Public Engagement with Science is the &amp;quot;Study of the Conversation&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Move Beyond&amp;quot; just &amp;quot;Telling&amp;quot; the public about science (see Article 541) into &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; to them and &amp;quot;Working Together.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science Communication&amp;quot; is about &amp;quot;Information,&amp;quot; **Public Engagement** is about &amp;quot;Power.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; (where regular people collect data) to &amp;quot;Co-Creation&amp;quot; (where the public helps &amp;#039;Design&amp;#039; the research) and &amp;quot;Deliberative Democracy&amp;quot; (where citizens help &amp;#039;Decide&amp;#039; on policy), this field explores the &amp;quot;Democratization of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Inclusion,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; is too &amp;quot;Important&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;Left Only to the Scientists.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Public Engagement with Science (PES)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Two-Way&amp;quot; process involving &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Listening&amp;quot; with the goal of generating &amp;quot;Mutual Benefit.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Citizen Science&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Participation&amp;quot; of the general public in &amp;quot;Scientific Research,&amp;quot; usually by &amp;quot;Collecting Data&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Bird watching&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Protein folding games&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Co-Creation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When &amp;quot;Scientists&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Communities&amp;quot; work together to &amp;quot;Define the Research Question&amp;quot; from the very beginning.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Deliberative Democracy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A form of democracy in which &amp;quot;Deliberation&amp;quot; (Discussion) is central to &amp;quot;Decision-Making&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Citizen Juries&amp;#039; on climate change).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science Shop&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Community-Based&amp;quot; research center that &amp;quot;Answers Questions&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Local People&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Why is our water brown?&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Participatory Action Research (PAR)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — An approach to research that &amp;quot;Empowers&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Vulnerable Community&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Including them&amp;quot; in the &amp;quot;Solving&amp;quot; of their own problems.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Public Consultation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When the &amp;quot;Government&amp;quot; asks the &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot; for their &amp;quot;Opinion&amp;quot; before making a &amp;quot;Scientific Law.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutual Learning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The idea that &amp;quot;Scientists&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Learn from the Public&amp;quot; (about &amp;#039;Values/Context&amp;#039;) just as much as the &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot; learns from &amp;quot;Scientists.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transdisciplinarity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Research that &amp;quot;Integrates&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Academic Knowledge&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Practical Knowledge&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Real World.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social License to Operate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Trust and Approval&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; that a &amp;quot;Laboratory&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Company&amp;quot; needs to &amp;quot;Do its work&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Fracking&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Public engagement is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Participation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Crowd-Sourced&amp;quot; Discovery (Citizen Science)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Science has &amp;quot;Too Many Tasks&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Too Few Scientists.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* A &amp;quot;Computer&amp;quot; can&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Identify&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Bird&amp;quot; in a &amp;quot;Blurry Photo&amp;quot; as well as a &amp;quot;Human.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Citizen Science** uses &amp;quot;Millions of People&amp;quot; as a &amp;quot;Global Sensor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Projects like **eBird** or **Galaxy Zoo** allow &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Discover&amp;quot; &amp;quot;New Species&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;New Galaxies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot; is no longer the &amp;quot;Audience&amp;quot;; they are the **&amp;quot;Co-Workers.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; Lab (Co-Creation)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Why should &amp;quot;Universities&amp;quot; decide what is &amp;quot;Important&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
* In **Co-Creation**, a &amp;quot;Neighborhood&amp;quot; says: &amp;quot;We are worried about **Air Pollution** on our street.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The **Scientists** provide the &amp;quot;Sensors&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Math.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The **People** provide the &amp;quot;Placement&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Stories.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Research&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Useful&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;People&amp;quot; immediately.&lt;br /&gt;
* This &amp;quot;Heals the Rift&amp;quot; (see Article 536) between the &amp;quot;Ivory Tower&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;City.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Citizen&amp;quot; Jury (Decision-Making)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Science can tell us &amp;quot;How to do X,&amp;quot; but it can&amp;#039;t tell us **&amp;quot;If we SHOULD do X.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* Should we &amp;quot;Allow&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Self-Driving Cars&amp;quot; on our streets?&lt;br /&gt;
* Should we &amp;quot;Geneticially Modify&amp;quot; our &amp;quot;Mosquitoes&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
* A **Citizen Jury** (a group of 20 random people) &amp;quot;Studies the Science&amp;quot; for 3 days and &amp;quot;Gives a Recommendation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* This ensures that &amp;quot;Scientific Progress&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Guided by Public Morality.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Flint Water&amp;#039; Crisis (2014)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: When &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; told the people of Flint, Michigan, their water was safe, the **People knew they were lying**. The community &amp;quot;Organized&amp;quot; their own &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; team to &amp;quot;Test the Water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Prove the Experts Wrong.&amp;quot; It is the &amp;quot;Ultimate Example&amp;quot; of why &amp;quot;Public Engagement&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Required Safety Valve&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Expert Power.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Engagement Ladder&amp;#039; (Calculating the &amp;#039;Level&amp;#039; of Public Power):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def evaluate_engagement_level(who_chose_question, who_collected_data, who_makes_decision):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows if the &amp;#039;Public&amp;#039; is a &amp;#039;Spectator&amp;#039; or a &amp;#039;Partner&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    if who_chose_question == &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; and who_makes_decision == &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;LEVEL: EMPOWERMENT. (Co-Creation / Citizen-Led). The public is the Boss.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif who_collected_data == &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot; and who_chose_question == &amp;quot;Scientists&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;LEVEL: PARTICIPATION. (Citizen Science). The public is the Helper.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;LEVEL: INFORM. (The Deficit Model). The public is the Audience.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A project where citizens just count birds&lt;br /&gt;
print(evaluate_engagement_level(&amp;quot;Scientists&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Scientists&amp;quot;))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Engagement Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Grand Challenges&amp;#039; (Canada)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A &amp;quot;Billion-Dollar Fund&amp;quot; where the &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot; helped &amp;quot;Vote&amp;quot; on which &amp;quot;Global Problems&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Clean Water&amp;#039;) the scientists should &amp;quot;Fix&amp;quot; first.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zooniverse&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;World&amp;#039;s Largest&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; platform, where &amp;quot;Millions&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; have &amp;quot;Authored&amp;quot; over **100 Scientific Papers**.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Irish&amp;#039; Citizens&amp;#039; Assembly&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A &amp;quot;Group of Citizens&amp;quot; who &amp;quot;Deliberated&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Climate Change&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Abortion,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Major Law Changes&amp;quot; based on &amp;quot;Scientific and Moral&amp;quot; evidence.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;DIY Biology (Biohacking)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Disruption&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; building &amp;quot;Labs in their Garages&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do Science&amp;quot; without &amp;quot;Universities,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Ultimate Engagement.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Science Communication vs. Public Engagement&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Communication (PUS) !! Engagement (PES)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Direction || One-Way (Telling) || Two-Way (Talking/Listening)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| View of Public || &amp;quot;Target Audience&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Partner and Expert in Context&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Outcome || &amp;quot;Understanding&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Collaboration and Policy Change&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Power || Held by the &amp;quot;Expert&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Shared&amp;quot; with the Community&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;TV Show&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Town Hall Meeting&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Upstream Engagement&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Timing.&amp;quot; We shouldn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Ask the public&amp;quot; **After** the &amp;quot;Technology&amp;quot; is finished (Downstream). We should &amp;quot;Ask them&amp;quot; **Before** we start (Upstream). This &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Rejection&amp;quot; of things like &amp;#039;GMOs&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Nuclear Power&amp;#039; by &amp;quot;Building them&amp;quot; to match &amp;quot;Public Hopes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating public engagement:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bias&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Regular People&amp;quot; (who aren&amp;#039;t experts) &amp;quot;Help Design&amp;quot; the research, does the &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; become &amp;quot;Less Objective&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tokenism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;Governments&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ask the Public&amp;quot; just to &amp;quot;Look Good,&amp;quot; while &amp;quot;Ignoring&amp;quot; their advice? (The &amp;#039;Pseudo-Engagement&amp;#039; problem).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Burnout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Expect&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Busy People&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Spend 10 hours a week&amp;quot; doing &amp;quot;Citizen Science&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Deliberation&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exclusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Engagement&amp;quot; only attract &amp;quot;Rich, Educated People,&amp;quot; leaving the &amp;quot;Voices of the Poor&amp;quot; even more &amp;quot;Invisible&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;City-Lab&amp;#039; App&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app where &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Post a Question&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Is my park safe?&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Local Scientists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Help them solve it&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;University&amp;quot; resources.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blockchain &amp;#039;Research&amp;#039; DAOs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Community&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Pools its own Money&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Hire Scientists&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Study their specific problems,&amp;quot; owning the &amp;quot;Data&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Solutions.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;VR &amp;#039;Future-Policy&amp;#039; Rooms&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Using VR to let &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Experience&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Result&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;Scientific Law&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Living in a Carbon-Tax City&amp;#039;) before they &amp;quot;Vote&amp;quot; on it.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Global&amp;#039; Science Jury&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Random Group of 100 Humans&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Every Continent&amp;quot; who &amp;quot;Deliberate&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Global Risks&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;AI&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Gene Drives&amp;#039;), creating a &amp;quot;People&amp;#039;s Law&amp;quot; for the planet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Communication]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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