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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Prosocial_Behavior</id>
	<title>Prosocial Behavior - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T17:46:31Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Prosocial_Behavior&amp;diff=4619&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Prosocial Behavior</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Prosocial_Behavior&amp;diff=4619&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T01:56:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Prosocial Behavior&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:56, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prosocial Behavior is the study of &amp;quot;The Best of Us&amp;quot;—the investigation of why humans &amp;quot;Help,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Share,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cooperate,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Sacrifice&amp;quot; for others. While &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Red in tooth and claw,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Psychology&amp;quot; proves that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; (helping without a reward) is a &amp;quot;Core Human Instinct.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Bystander Effect&amp;quot; (explaining why we &amp;#039;Freeze&amp;#039; in a crowd) to the &amp;quot;Reciprocity Norm&amp;quot; (the drive to &amp;#039;Pay it back&amp;#039;), this field explores how we build &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Community.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Kindness,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Helping others&amp;quot; is not just &amp;quot;Good for the world,&amp;quot; but is the &amp;quot;Secret to human happiness&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Survival.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prosocial Behavior is the study of &amp;quot;The Best of Us&amp;quot;—the investigation of why humans &amp;quot;Help,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Share,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cooperate,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Sacrifice&amp;quot; for others. While &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Red in tooth and claw,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Psychology&amp;quot; proves that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; (helping without a reward) is a &amp;quot;Core Human Instinct.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Bystander Effect&amp;quot; (explaining why we &amp;#039;Freeze&amp;#039; in a crowd) to the &amp;quot;Reciprocity Norm&amp;quot; (the drive to &amp;#039;Pay it back&amp;#039;), this field explores how we build &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Community.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Kindness,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Helping others&amp;quot; is not just &amp;quot;Good for the world,&amp;quot; but is the &amp;quot;Secret to human happiness&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Survival.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Prosocial Behavior&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Any action intended to &amp;quot;Benefit another person&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Society as a whole.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Prosocial Behavior&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Any action intended to &amp;quot;Benefit another person&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Society as a whole.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Altruism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Purest&amp;quot; prosocial behavior: a &amp;quot;Selfless concern&amp;quot; for the well-being of others with &amp;quot;No expectation&amp;quot; of a reward.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Altruism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Purest&amp;quot; prosocial behavior: a &amp;quot;Selfless concern&amp;quot; for the well-being of others with &amp;quot;No expectation&amp;quot; of a reward.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The idea that if we &amp;quot;Feel empathy&amp;quot; for someone, we will help them for &amp;quot;Pure&amp;quot; reasons; if we don&amp;#039;t feel empathy, we only help if it &amp;quot;Benefits us.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The idea that if we &amp;quot;Feel empathy&amp;quot; for someone, we will help them for &amp;quot;Pure&amp;quot; reasons; if we don&amp;#039;t feel empathy, we only help if it &amp;quot;Benefits us.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pluralistic Ignorance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When everyone in a crowd is &amp;quot;Looking at everyone else&amp;quot; to see how to react; if everyone looks &amp;quot;Calm,&amp;quot; the group &amp;quot;Decides&amp;quot; there is &amp;quot;No Emergency,&amp;quot; even if someone is dying.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pluralistic Ignorance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When everyone in a crowd is &amp;quot;Looking at everyone else&amp;quot; to see how to react; if everyone looks &amp;quot;Calm,&amp;quot; the group &amp;quot;Decides&amp;quot; there is &amp;quot;No Emergency,&amp;quot; even if someone is dying.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prosocial behavior is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Connection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Responsibility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Prosocial behavior is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Connection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Responsibility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* If the priest had **&amp;quot;Plenty of Time,&amp;quot;** **63%** helped.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* If the priest had **&amp;quot;Plenty of Time,&amp;quot;** **63%** helped.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* This proved that &amp;quot;Goodness&amp;quot; is often determined by &amp;quot;Context&amp;quot; (Stress and Time) rather than &amp;quot;Character.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* This proved that &amp;quot;Goodness&amp;quot; is often determined by &amp;quot;Context&amp;quot; (Stress and Time) rather than &amp;quot;Character.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Bystander Risk&amp;#039; (Predicting if help will arrive):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Bystander Risk&amp;#039; (Predicting if help will arrive):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l69&quot;&gt;Line 69:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 78:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blood Donation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why we don&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Pay&amp;quot; for blood (Article 459). Kindness is a &amp;quot;Social Market&amp;quot; that is &amp;quot;Destroyed&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Financial Markets.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blood Donation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why we don&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Pay&amp;quot; for blood (Article 459). Kindness is a &amp;quot;Social Market&amp;quot; that is &amp;quot;Destroyed&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Financial Markets.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Warm Glow&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The discovery that even &amp;quot;Purely Selfless&amp;quot; acts create a &amp;quot;Reward&amp;quot; in the brain, proving that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Self-Interest&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Two sides of the same coin.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Warm Glow&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The discovery that even &amp;quot;Purely Selfless&amp;quot; acts create a &amp;quot;Reward&amp;quot; in the brain, proving that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Self-Interest&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Two sides of the same coin.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Altruism vs. Social Exchange&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Altruism vs. Social Exchange&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l87&quot;&gt;Line 87:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 98:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Empathy Fatigue&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Limit of Kindness.&amp;quot; When we see &amp;quot;Too much suffering&amp;quot; (e.g., in the news or if we are a nurse), our brain &amp;quot;Shuts down&amp;quot; its empathy to &amp;quot;Protect itself.&amp;quot; This leads to &amp;quot;Apathy.&amp;quot; Prosocial behavior requires &amp;quot;Self-Care&amp;quot; to ensure the &amp;quot;Well of Kindness&amp;quot; doesn&amp;#039;t run dry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Empathy Fatigue&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Limit of Kindness.&amp;quot; When we see &amp;quot;Too much suffering&amp;quot; (e.g., in the news or if we are a nurse), our brain &amp;quot;Shuts down&amp;quot; its empathy to &amp;quot;Protect itself.&amp;quot; This leads to &amp;quot;Apathy.&amp;quot; Prosocial behavior requires &amp;quot;Self-Care&amp;quot; to ensure the &amp;quot;Well of Kindness&amp;quot; doesn&amp;#039;t run dry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating prosocial behavior:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating prosocial behavior:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Selfish Gene&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; is just a way to &amp;quot;Save our genes&amp;quot; (Kin Selection), is it still &amp;quot;Noble&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Selfish Gene&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; is just a way to &amp;quot;Save our genes&amp;quot; (Kin Selection), is it still &amp;quot;Noble&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l94&quot;&gt;Line 94:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Bystander&amp;quot; Defense&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Fair&amp;quot; to blame the people who watched Kitty Genovese? (Could they &amp;quot;Help&amp;quot; what their &amp;quot;Brain&amp;#039;s Social Wiring&amp;quot; was doing?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Bystander&amp;quot; Defense&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Fair&amp;quot; to blame the people who watched Kitty Genovese? (Could they &amp;quot;Help&amp;quot; what their &amp;quot;Brain&amp;#039;s Social Wiring&amp;quot; was doing?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should we program AIs to be &amp;quot;Altruistic&amp;quot;? (If a &amp;quot;Robot&amp;quot; has to &amp;quot;Sacrifice itself&amp;quot; to save a human, should it be &amp;quot;Programmed&amp;quot; to do it?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should we program AIs to be &amp;quot;Altruistic&amp;quot;? (If a &amp;quot;Robot&amp;quot; has to &amp;quot;Sacrifice itself&amp;quot; to save a human, should it be &amp;quot;Programmed&amp;quot; to do it?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bystander-Alert Apps&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app that &amp;quot;Detects a scream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Alerts the 10 closest people&amp;quot; individually, &amp;quot;Directly assigning&amp;quot; them responsibility: &amp;quot;You are the closest person. GO HELP.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bystander-Alert Apps&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app that &amp;quot;Detects a scream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Alerts the 10 closest people&amp;quot; individually, &amp;quot;Directly assigning&amp;quot; them responsibility: &amp;quot;You are the closest person. GO HELP.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l106&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 121:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Social Psychology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Social Psychology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Prosocial_Behavior&amp;diff=1839&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Prosocial Behavior</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Prosocial_Behavior&amp;diff=1839&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T15:41:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Prosocial Behavior&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Prosocial Behavior is the study of &amp;quot;The Best of Us&amp;quot;—the investigation of why humans &amp;quot;Help,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Share,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cooperate,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Sacrifice&amp;quot; for others. While &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Red in tooth and claw,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Social Psychology&amp;quot; proves that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; (helping without a reward) is a &amp;quot;Core Human Instinct.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Bystander Effect&amp;quot; (explaining why we &amp;#039;Freeze&amp;#039; in a crowd) to the &amp;quot;Reciprocity Norm&amp;quot; (the drive to &amp;#039;Pay it back&amp;#039;), this field explores how we build &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Community.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Kindness,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Helping others&amp;quot; is not just &amp;quot;Good for the world,&amp;quot; but is the &amp;quot;Secret to human happiness&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Biological Survival.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Prosocial Behavior&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Any action intended to &amp;quot;Benefit another person&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Society as a whole.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Altruism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Purest&amp;quot; prosocial behavior: a &amp;quot;Selfless concern&amp;quot; for the well-being of others with &amp;quot;No expectation&amp;quot; of a reward.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bystander Effect&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The phenomenon where individuals are &amp;quot;Less likely to help&amp;quot; a victim when &amp;quot;Other people are present.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Diffusion of Responsibility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The reason for the Bystander Effect: &amp;quot;If there are 100 people here, someone ELSE will call for help.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social Exchange Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Economic View&amp;quot; of kindness: we only help if the &amp;quot;Benefit&amp;quot; (feeling good/social praise) is bigger than the &amp;quot;Cost&amp;quot; (time/risk).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Reciprocity Norm&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Unwritten Rule&amp;quot; that we should &amp;quot;Return favors&amp;quot; to those who have helped us.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social Responsibility Norm&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Expectation&amp;quot; that people will &amp;quot;Help those who need help,&amp;quot; even if they can&amp;#039;t pay us back (e.g., children or the elderly).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kin Selection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The evolutionary theory that we &amp;quot;Help those who share our genes&amp;quot; (family) to ensure our &amp;quot;DNA survives.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The idea that if we &amp;quot;Feel empathy&amp;quot; for someone, we will help them for &amp;quot;Pure&amp;quot; reasons; if we don&amp;#039;t feel empathy, we only help if it &amp;quot;Benefits us.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pluralistic Ignorance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — When everyone in a crowd is &amp;quot;Looking at everyone else&amp;quot; to see how to react; if everyone looks &amp;quot;Calm,&amp;quot; the group &amp;quot;Decides&amp;quot; there is &amp;quot;No Emergency,&amp;quot; even if someone is dying.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Prosocial behavior is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Connection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Responsibility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Bystander&amp;quot; Freeze (Diffusion)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Why did people watch **Kitty Genovese** be attacked for 30 minutes without calling the police?&lt;br /&gt;
* They weren&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Evil.&amp;quot; They were &amp;quot;Confused.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* In a crowd, you &amp;quot;Look for clues.&amp;quot; If no one else is &amp;quot;Running to help,&amp;quot; your brain says: &amp;quot;Maybe it&amp;#039;s just a joke&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Maybe I shouldn&amp;#039;t get involved.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Every person in the crowd thinks the **other** person has already &amp;quot;Called 911.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* To &amp;quot;Break&amp;quot; the effect, you must &amp;quot;Point at one person&amp;quot; and say: **&amp;quot;YOU, in the red shirt, call 911!&amp;quot;** This &amp;quot;Re-attaches&amp;quot; the responsibility to an individual.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Empathy&amp;quot; Switch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
We help people who &amp;quot;Look like us&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Feel like us.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Empathy** is the &amp;quot;Bridge.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If I see you &amp;quot;Stub your toe,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Mirror Neurons&amp;quot; in my brain &amp;quot;Fire&amp;quot; as if I stubbed my toe.&lt;br /&gt;
* My &amp;quot;Helping&amp;quot; is an &amp;quot;Attempt to stop my own pain&amp;quot; by stopping yours.&lt;br /&gt;
* Prosocial behavior is the art of &amp;quot;Expanding your Empathy&amp;quot; to include &amp;quot;Strangers&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Enemies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Happiness&amp;quot; Loop&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Helping is &amp;quot;Selfish&amp;quot; in a &amp;quot;Good way.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* When we &amp;quot;Give money&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Volunteer,&amp;quot; our brain releases **Dopamine** and **Oxytocin**.&lt;br /&gt;
* This is the &amp;quot;Helper&amp;#039;s High.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Humans are &amp;quot;Biologically programmed&amp;quot; to find &amp;quot;Kindness&amp;quot; more &amp;quot;Satisfying&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Consumption.&amp;quot; A society of &amp;quot;Givers&amp;quot; is a society of &amp;quot;Happy People.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Good Samaritan&amp;#039; Experiment (1973)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Researchers told &amp;quot;Priests-in-training&amp;quot; to go across campus to give a talk on the &amp;quot;Good Samaritan&amp;quot; (a story about helping a stranger). On the way, they passed a &amp;quot;Man in pain&amp;quot; (an actor).&lt;br /&gt;
* If the priest was **&amp;quot;In a Hurry,&amp;quot;** only **10%** helped.&lt;br /&gt;
* If the priest had **&amp;quot;Plenty of Time,&amp;quot;** **63%** helped.&lt;br /&gt;
* This proved that &amp;quot;Goodness&amp;quot; is often determined by &amp;quot;Context&amp;quot; (Stress and Time) rather than &amp;quot;Character.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Bystander Risk&amp;#039; (Predicting if help will arrive):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def will_anyone_help(num_bystanders, visibility_level):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows why &amp;#039;Crowds&amp;#039; are dangerous for victims.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    # Probability of an individual helping&lt;br /&gt;
    p_individual = 0.5&lt;br /&gt;
    # Probability that NO ONE helps = (1 - p)^N&lt;br /&gt;
    p_no_one_helps = (1 - p_individual) ** num_bystanders&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    p_help_arrives = 1 - p_no_one_helps&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;Bystanders: {num_bystanders} | Probability of Help: {round(p_help_arrives*100, 2)}%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Note: While &amp;#039;Total&amp;#039; probability goes up with more people, &lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;Individual&amp;#039; effort goes down, and &amp;#039;Pluralistic Ignorance&amp;#039; can kill the effect.&lt;br /&gt;
print(will_anyone_help(1, 1.0))&lt;br /&gt;
print(will_anyone_help(100, 1.0))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Prosocial Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Kitty Genovese&amp;#039; Murder (1964)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The tragic event that &amp;quot;Started&amp;quot; the study of the &amp;quot;Bystander Effect&amp;quot; and led to the creation of the **911 System** in the USA.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Organ Donation &amp;#039;Opt-Out&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 460). A &amp;quot;Prosocial Design&amp;quot; that saves thousands of lives by making &amp;quot;Helping&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Default.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blood Donation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why we don&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Pay&amp;quot; for blood (Article 459). Kindness is a &amp;quot;Social Market&amp;quot; that is &amp;quot;Destroyed&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Financial Markets.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Warm Glow&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The discovery that even &amp;quot;Purely Selfless&amp;quot; acts create a &amp;quot;Reward&amp;quot; in the brain, proving that &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Self-Interest&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Two sides of the same coin.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Altruism vs. Social Exchange&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Pure Altruism !! Social Exchange (Reciprocity)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Motive || To &amp;quot;Increase another&amp;#039;s welfare&amp;quot; || To &amp;quot;Increase my own welfare&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Reward || None (Internal satisfaction only) || Social Praise / Future Favor / Money&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Risk || High (Will help even if dangerous) || Low (Calculated risk)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Saint&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Trader&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Trigger || Empathy || Logic / Tradition&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Empathy Fatigue&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Limit of Kindness.&amp;quot; When we see &amp;quot;Too much suffering&amp;quot; (e.g., in the news or if we are a nurse), our brain &amp;quot;Shuts down&amp;quot; its empathy to &amp;quot;Protect itself.&amp;quot; This leads to &amp;quot;Apathy.&amp;quot; Prosocial behavior requires &amp;quot;Self-Care&amp;quot; to ensure the &amp;quot;Well of Kindness&amp;quot; doesn&amp;#039;t run dry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating prosocial behavior:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Selfish Gene&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Altruism&amp;quot; is just a way to &amp;quot;Save our genes&amp;quot; (Kin Selection), is it still &amp;quot;Noble&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Responsibility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;The System&amp;quot; (like the 911 system) handles everything, do we &amp;quot;Lose our personal drive&amp;quot; to help a stranger on the street?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Bystander&amp;quot; Defense&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Fair&amp;quot; to blame the people who watched Kitty Genovese? (Could they &amp;quot;Help&amp;quot; what their &amp;quot;Brain&amp;#039;s Social Wiring&amp;quot; was doing?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should we program AIs to be &amp;quot;Altruistic&amp;quot;? (If a &amp;quot;Robot&amp;quot; has to &amp;quot;Sacrifice itself&amp;quot; to save a human, should it be &amp;quot;Programmed&amp;quot; to do it?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bystander-Alert Apps&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An app that &amp;quot;Detects a scream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Alerts the 10 closest people&amp;quot; individually, &amp;quot;Directly assigning&amp;quot; them responsibility: &amp;quot;You are the closest person. GO HELP.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Empathy-VR Training&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A simulation where you &amp;quot;Feel the pain of others,&amp;quot; training your brain&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;Mirror Neurons&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;More sensitive&amp;quot; to strangers.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global Reciprocity Networks&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Time Bank&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;Help someone today&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Someone else&amp;quot; in the world &amp;quot;Helps you tomorrow,&amp;quot; building a &amp;quot;Global Trust System.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Kindness&amp;#039; Algorithm&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A social media feed that &amp;quot;Promotes Prosocial Acts&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Angry Outrage,&amp;quot; making &amp;quot;Being Kind&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Viral Trend&amp;quot; of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Social Psychology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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