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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Plasma_Physics</id>
	<title>Plasma Physics - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:40:27Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Plasma_Physics&amp;diff=4565&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Plasma Physics</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:55:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Plasma Physics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:55, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plasma Physics is the study of &amp;quot;The Liquid Fire&amp;quot;—the science of the &amp;quot;4th State of Matter.&amp;quot; While we are used to &amp;quot;Solids,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Liquids,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Gases,&amp;quot; over **99% of the visible universe** is actually &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; A plasma is a &amp;quot;Gas&amp;quot; that has been heated so much that its &amp;quot;Electrons&amp;quot; have been &amp;quot;Stripped away&amp;quot; from their atoms, leaving a &amp;quot;Soup&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Charged Particles&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Conduct electricity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;React to magnetic fields.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Heart of the Sun&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Glowing Aurora&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Neon signs,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Plasma TVs,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Future of Fusion Energy,&amp;quot; this field is the science of &amp;quot;High-Energy Matter.&amp;quot; It is the realization that the universe is not just &amp;quot;Dust and Rock,&amp;quot; but an &amp;quot;Electrified Fluid&amp;quot; that flows between the stars.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plasma Physics is the study of &amp;quot;The Liquid Fire&amp;quot;—the science of the &amp;quot;4th State of Matter.&amp;quot; While we are used to &amp;quot;Solids,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Liquids,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Gases,&amp;quot; over **99% of the visible universe** is actually &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; A plasma is a &amp;quot;Gas&amp;quot; that has been heated so much that its &amp;quot;Electrons&amp;quot; have been &amp;quot;Stripped away&amp;quot; from their atoms, leaving a &amp;quot;Soup&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Charged Particles&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Conduct electricity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;React to magnetic fields.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Heart of the Sun&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Glowing Aurora&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Neon signs,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Plasma TVs,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Future of Fusion Energy,&amp;quot; this field is the science of &amp;quot;High-Energy Matter.&amp;quot; It is the realization that the universe is not just &amp;quot;Dust and Rock,&amp;quot; but an &amp;quot;Electrified Fluid&amp;quot; that flows between the stars.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — An &amp;quot;Ionized Gas&amp;quot; consisting of &amp;quot;Positive Ions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Free Electrons&amp;quot; in proportions that result in more or less &amp;quot;Zero Net Charge.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — An &amp;quot;Ionized Gas&amp;quot; consisting of &amp;quot;Positive Ions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Free Electrons&amp;quot; in proportions that result in more or less &amp;quot;Zero Net Charge.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ionization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The process of &amp;quot;Adding or Removing electrons&amp;quot; from an atom to create an &amp;quot;Ion.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ionization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The process of &amp;quot;Adding or Removing electrons&amp;quot; from an atom to create an &amp;quot;Ion.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tokamak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Donut-shaped&amp;quot; machine that uses &amp;quot;Giant Magnets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Bottle up&amp;quot; a 100-million-degree plasma for energy research.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tokamak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Donut-shaped&amp;quot; machine that uses &amp;quot;Giant Magnets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Bottle up&amp;quot; a 100-million-degree plasma for energy research.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aurora Borealis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Glow&amp;quot; created when &amp;quot;Solar Plasma&amp;quot; hits the &amp;quot;Gas atoms&amp;quot; in the Earth&amp;#039;s atmosphere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aurora Borealis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Glow&amp;quot; created when &amp;quot;Solar Plasma&amp;quot; hits the &amp;quot;Gas atoms&amp;quot; in the Earth&amp;#039;s atmosphere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plasma physics is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Temperature&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Magnetic Bottles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plasma physics is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Temperature&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Magnetic Bottles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Langmuir&amp;#039; Discovery (1928)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Irving Langmuir was the first to call this state &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; He chose the name because it reminded him of &amp;quot;Blood Plasma&amp;quot;—the liquid part of the blood that &amp;quot;Carries&amp;quot; the red and white cells. He saw the &amp;quot;Electrons and Ions&amp;quot; as the &amp;quot;Cells&amp;quot; floating in the &amp;quot;Liquid Energy.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Langmuir&amp;#039; Discovery (1928)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Irving Langmuir was the first to call this state &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; He chose the name because it reminded him of &amp;quot;Blood Plasma&amp;quot;—the liquid part of the blood that &amp;quot;Carries&amp;quot; the red and white cells. He saw the &amp;quot;Electrons and Ions&amp;quot; as the &amp;quot;Cells&amp;quot; floating in the &amp;quot;Liquid Energy.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Plasma Shield&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Debye Length&amp;#039; - how far a charge &amp;#039;Leaks&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Plasma Shield&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Debye Length&amp;#039; - how far a charge &amp;#039;Leaks&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l69&quot;&gt;Line 69:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 78:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma Cutting&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using a &amp;quot;High-speed jet of plasma&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Melt through 6-inch steel&amp;quot; as if it were &amp;quot;Butter,&amp;quot; used in every factory in the world.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma Cutting&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using a &amp;quot;High-speed jet of plasma&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Melt through 6-inch steel&amp;quot; as if it were &amp;quot;Butter,&amp;quot; used in every factory in the world.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The ITER Project&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A 35-nation project to build the &amp;quot;World&amp;#039;s Largest Tokamak&amp;quot; in France, aiming to &amp;quot;Prove&amp;quot; that we can get &amp;quot;Net Energy&amp;quot; from plasma fusion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The ITER Project&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A 35-nation project to build the &amp;quot;World&amp;#039;s Largest Tokamak&amp;quot; in France, aiming to &amp;quot;Prove&amp;quot; that we can get &amp;quot;Net Energy&amp;quot; from plasma fusion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Gas vs. Plasma&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Gas vs. Plasma&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l87&quot;&gt;Line 87:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 98:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Self-Organization&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Plasma Turbulence.&amp;quot; Plasma is &amp;quot;Wild.&amp;quot; It creates &amp;quot;Loops,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Snakes,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Swirls&amp;quot; of energy. Understanding this &amp;quot;Chaos&amp;quot; is the biggest hurdle to &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot;—if the plasma &amp;quot;Wiggles&amp;quot; too much, it &amp;quot;Touches the wall&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Fire goes out.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Self-Organization&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Plasma Turbulence.&amp;quot; Plasma is &amp;quot;Wild.&amp;quot; It creates &amp;quot;Loops,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Snakes,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Swirls&amp;quot; of energy. Understanding this &amp;quot;Chaos&amp;quot; is the biggest hurdle to &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot;—if the plasma &amp;quot;Wiggles&amp;quot; too much, it &amp;quot;Touches the wall&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Fire goes out.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating plasma physics:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating plasma physics:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Fusion&amp;quot; Dream&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot; (Infinite clean power) always &amp;quot;30 years away&amp;quot;? (Why is it so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to keep the &amp;#039;Fire&amp;#039; burning?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Fusion&amp;quot; Dream&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot; (Infinite clean power) always &amp;quot;30 years away&amp;quot;? (Why is it so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to keep the &amp;#039;Fire&amp;#039; burning?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l94&quot;&gt;Line 94:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Travel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we use &amp;quot;Plasma Engines&amp;quot; (Ion Thrusters) to reach &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; in weeks instead of months? (The &amp;#039;VASIMR&amp;#039; engine debate).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Travel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we use &amp;quot;Plasma Engines&amp;quot; (Ion Thrusters) to reach &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; in weeks instead of months? (The &amp;#039;VASIMR&amp;#039; engine debate).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cosmology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If the whole universe is &amp;quot;Plasma,&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Magnetic Fields&amp;quot; more important than &amp;quot;Gravity&amp;quot; for building &amp;quot;Galaxies&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Electric Universe&amp;#039; debate).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cosmology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If the whole universe is &amp;quot;Plasma,&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Magnetic Fields&amp;quot; more important than &amp;quot;Gravity&amp;quot; for building &amp;quot;Galaxies&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Electric Universe&amp;#039; debate).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fusion-Powered Cities&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A world with &amp;quot;Zero Carbon&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infinite Power,&amp;quot; where every house is powered by a &amp;quot;Mini-Star&amp;quot; in a magnetic bottle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fusion-Powered Cities&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A world with &amp;quot;Zero Carbon&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infinite Power,&amp;quot; where every house is powered by a &amp;quot;Mini-Star&amp;quot; in a magnetic bottle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l107&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 122:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Plasma Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Plasma Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Plasma_Physics&amp;diff=1867&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Plasma Physics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Plasma_Physics&amp;diff=1867&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T15:46:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Plasma Physics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Plasma Physics is the study of &amp;quot;The Liquid Fire&amp;quot;—the science of the &amp;quot;4th State of Matter.&amp;quot; While we are used to &amp;quot;Solids,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Liquids,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Gases,&amp;quot; over **99% of the visible universe** is actually &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; A plasma is a &amp;quot;Gas&amp;quot; that has been heated so much that its &amp;quot;Electrons&amp;quot; have been &amp;quot;Stripped away&amp;quot; from their atoms, leaving a &amp;quot;Soup&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Charged Particles&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Conduct electricity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;React to magnetic fields.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Heart of the Sun&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Glowing Aurora&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Neon signs,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Plasma TVs,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Future of Fusion Energy,&amp;quot; this field is the science of &amp;quot;High-Energy Matter.&amp;quot; It is the realization that the universe is not just &amp;quot;Dust and Rock,&amp;quot; but an &amp;quot;Electrified Fluid&amp;quot; that flows between the stars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — An &amp;quot;Ionized Gas&amp;quot; consisting of &amp;quot;Positive Ions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Free Electrons&amp;quot; in proportions that result in more or less &amp;quot;Zero Net Charge.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ionization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The process of &amp;quot;Adding or Removing electrons&amp;quot; from an atom to create an &amp;quot;Ion.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The 4th State of Matter&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The transition: **Solid** (Fixed) → **Liquid** (Flows) → **Gas** (Fills space) → **Plasma** (Electrified).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quasineutrality&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The property of plasma where the total &amp;quot;Positive&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Negative&amp;quot; charges &amp;quot;Cancel out&amp;quot; on a large scale.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The study of how &amp;quot;Magnetic Fields&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Plasmas&amp;quot; interact (The &amp;#039;Fluid Dynamics&amp;#039; of electricity).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Debye Shielding&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a plasma to &amp;quot;Hide&amp;quot; a charge by &amp;quot;Surrounding it&amp;quot; with opposite charges.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Solar Wind&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Stream of Plasma&amp;quot; constantly flying away from the Sun and &amp;quot;Hitting&amp;quot; the Earth&amp;#039;s magnetic field.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nuclear Fusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The process of &amp;quot;Merging Atoms&amp;quot; inside a plasma to &amp;quot;Release Energy&amp;quot; (The power source of the Stars).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tokamak&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Donut-shaped&amp;quot; machine that uses &amp;quot;Giant Magnets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Bottle up&amp;quot; a 100-million-degree plasma for energy research.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aurora Borealis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Glow&amp;quot; created when &amp;quot;Solar Plasma&amp;quot; hits the &amp;quot;Gas atoms&amp;quot; in the Earth&amp;#039;s atmosphere.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Plasma physics is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Temperature&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Magnetic Bottles&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Broken&amp;quot; Atom (Ionization)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
How do you &amp;quot;Make&amp;quot; a plasma?&lt;br /&gt;
* You &amp;quot;Heat&amp;quot; a gas.&lt;br /&gt;
* The atoms start &amp;quot;Vibrating&amp;quot; so fast that they &amp;quot;Crash&amp;quot; into each other.&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Electrons&amp;quot; (which usually orbit the center) are &amp;quot;Knocked off.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Now you have a &amp;quot;Soup&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Free Electrons&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Naked Nuclei.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Because the parts are &amp;quot;Charged,&amp;quot; the whole gas now &amp;quot;Loves&amp;quot; magnets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Magnetic Bottle&amp;quot; (Confinement)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
How do you &amp;quot;Hold&amp;quot; a plasma?&lt;br /&gt;
* A plasma is **100,000,000°C**.&lt;br /&gt;
* No &amp;quot;Solid Material&amp;quot; on Earth can touch it without &amp;quot;Vaporizing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* So, we use **Magnetic Fields**.&lt;br /&gt;
* Because plasma is &amp;quot;Charged,&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Slides&amp;quot; along magnetic lines.&lt;br /&gt;
* We create a &amp;quot;Cage of invisible magnets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Suspend&amp;quot; the plasma in &amp;quot;Mid-Air&amp;quot; (Vacuum), so it never touches the walls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Solar Shield&amp;quot; (The Magnetosphere)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
We live inside a &amp;quot;Plasma War.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The Sun shoots &amp;quot;Lethal Plasma&amp;quot; at us 24/7.&lt;br /&gt;
* The Earth&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;Magnetic Field&amp;quot; acts as a &amp;quot;Shield,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Bending&amp;quot; the plasma around the planet.&lt;br /&gt;
* Some of it &amp;quot;Leaks&amp;quot; at the North and South poles, creating the &amp;quot;Glow&amp;quot; of the **Aurora**.&lt;br /&gt;
* Without this &amp;quot;Magnetic Shield,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Solar Wind&amp;quot; would &amp;quot;Strip away&amp;quot; our atmosphere, making Earth a &amp;quot;Dead Rock&amp;quot; like Mars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Langmuir&amp;#039; Discovery (1928)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Irving Langmuir was the first to call this state &amp;quot;Plasma.&amp;quot; He chose the name because it reminded him of &amp;quot;Blood Plasma&amp;quot;—the liquid part of the blood that &amp;quot;Carries&amp;quot; the red and white cells. He saw the &amp;quot;Electrons and Ions&amp;quot; as the &amp;quot;Cells&amp;quot; floating in the &amp;quot;Liquid Energy.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Plasma Shield&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Debye Length&amp;#039; - how far a charge &amp;#039;Leaks&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import math&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_debye_length(temp_ev, electron_density):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows how &amp;#039;Thick&amp;#039; the plasma&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;Shield&amp;#039; is.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    # Simplified formula&lt;br /&gt;
    e0 = 8.85e-12&lt;br /&gt;
    k = 1.38e-23&lt;br /&gt;
    q = 1.6e-19&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    # Debye Length (Lambda_D)&lt;br /&gt;
    length = math.sqrt((e0 * k * temp_ev) / (electron_density * q**2))&lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;Shielding Thickness: {round(length * 1e6, 2)} micrometers&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A hot fusion plasma&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_debye_length(10000, 1e20))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Plasma Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Sun&amp;#039;s Core&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The most important plasma lab. It &amp;quot;Crushes&amp;quot; atoms together to create &amp;quot;Light and Heat&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;Gravity&amp;quot; as the bottle.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neon and Fluorescent Lights&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Everyday Plasma.&amp;quot; We send &amp;quot;Electricity&amp;quot; through a &amp;quot;Gas tube&amp;quot; to create a &amp;quot;Low-temperature plasma&amp;quot; that glows in different colors.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma Cutting&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using a &amp;quot;High-speed jet of plasma&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Melt through 6-inch steel&amp;quot; as if it were &amp;quot;Butter,&amp;quot; used in every factory in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The ITER Project&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A 35-nation project to build the &amp;quot;World&amp;#039;s Largest Tokamak&amp;quot; in France, aiming to &amp;quot;Prove&amp;quot; that we can get &amp;quot;Net Energy&amp;quot; from plasma fusion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Gas vs. Plasma&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Gas !! Plasma&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Electrical Conductivity || Very Low (An Insulator) || Very High (A Conductor)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Magnetic Sensitivity || None (Doesn&amp;#039;t care) || Extreme (Controlled by magnets)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Particles || Neutral Atoms || Ions and Free Electrons&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Interactions || &amp;quot;Collisions&amp;quot; (Two-body) || &amp;quot;Collective&amp;quot; (Whole group moves)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Cloud of Dust&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Magnetic Liquid&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Self-Organization&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Plasma Turbulence.&amp;quot; Plasma is &amp;quot;Wild.&amp;quot; It creates &amp;quot;Loops,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Snakes,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Swirls&amp;quot; of energy. Understanding this &amp;quot;Chaos&amp;quot; is the biggest hurdle to &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot;—if the plasma &amp;quot;Wiggles&amp;quot; too much, it &amp;quot;Touches the wall&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Fire goes out.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating plasma physics:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Fusion&amp;quot; Dream&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Fusion Energy&amp;quot; (Infinite clean power) always &amp;quot;30 years away&amp;quot;? (Why is it so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to keep the &amp;#039;Fire&amp;#039; burning?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Health&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;Plasma Fields&amp;quot; around &amp;quot;High-voltage lines&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Plasma Engines&amp;quot; affect &amp;quot;Human Cells&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Space Travel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we use &amp;quot;Plasma Engines&amp;quot; (Ion Thrusters) to reach &amp;quot;Mars&amp;quot; in weeks instead of months? (The &amp;#039;VASIMR&amp;#039; engine debate).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cosmology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If the whole universe is &amp;quot;Plasma,&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Magnetic Fields&amp;quot; more important than &amp;quot;Gravity&amp;quot; for building &amp;quot;Galaxies&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Electric Universe&amp;#039; debate).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fusion-Powered Cities&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A world with &amp;quot;Zero Carbon&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infinite Power,&amp;quot; where every house is powered by a &amp;quot;Mini-Star&amp;quot; in a magnetic bottle.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma Space-Shields&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Spaceships that create an &amp;quot;Artificial Magnetosphere&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Protect Astronauts&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Cosmic Radiation&amp;quot; on the way to Mars.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Atmospheric Plasma Cleaning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Using &amp;quot;Cold Plasma jets&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;De-compose&amp;quot; CO2 and &amp;quot;Pollution&amp;quot; in the air, &amp;quot;Cleaning the atmosphere&amp;quot; on a global scale.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Plasma Medicine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Using &amp;quot;Cold Plasma&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Instantly Kill Bacteria&amp;quot; in a wound or &amp;quot;Target Cancer Cells&amp;quot; without damaging healthy tissue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Energy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Plasma Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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