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	<title>Network Resilience - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:38:00Z</updated>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:54:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Network Resilience&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:54, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Network Resilience is the study of &amp;quot;How systems survive failure&amp;quot;—the science of &amp;quot;Robustness&amp;quot; that explains why some networks (like the &amp;quot;Internet&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Brain&amp;quot;) can lose 50% of their parts and still work, while others (like a &amp;quot;Power Grid&amp;quot; or a &amp;quot;Supply Chain&amp;quot;) collapse after a single &amp;quot;Small error.&amp;quot; It is the science of the &amp;quot;Breaking Point.&amp;quot; By studying &amp;quot;Redundancy,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cascading Failures,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Targeted Attacks,&amp;quot; we can build cities that survive &amp;quot;Earthquakes,&amp;quot; banks that survive &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; and computers that &amp;quot;Heal themselves.&amp;quot; It is the realization that &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; is the enemy of &amp;quot;Survival&amp;quot;—that a &amp;quot;Messy&amp;quot; network is often more &amp;quot;Resilient&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Perfect&amp;quot; one.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Network Resilience is the study of &amp;quot;How systems survive failure&amp;quot;—the science of &amp;quot;Robustness&amp;quot; that explains why some networks (like the &amp;quot;Internet&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Brain&amp;quot;) can lose 50% of their parts and still work, while others (like a &amp;quot;Power Grid&amp;quot; or a &amp;quot;Supply Chain&amp;quot;) collapse after a single &amp;quot;Small error.&amp;quot; It is the science of the &amp;quot;Breaking Point.&amp;quot; By studying &amp;quot;Redundancy,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cascading Failures,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Targeted Attacks,&amp;quot; we can build cities that survive &amp;quot;Earthquakes,&amp;quot; banks that survive &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; and computers that &amp;quot;Heal themselves.&amp;quot; It is the realization that &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; is the enemy of &amp;quot;Survival&amp;quot;—that a &amp;quot;Messy&amp;quot; network is often more &amp;quot;Resilient&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Perfect&amp;quot; one.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Network Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to maintain its &amp;quot;Connectivity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Function&amp;quot; when nodes or edges are removed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Network Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to maintain its &amp;quot;Connectivity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Function&amp;quot; when nodes or edges are removed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Robustness&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Strength&amp;quot; of a system against &amp;quot;Random&amp;quot; failures (e.g., a &amp;quot;Car&amp;quot; that still runs with one flat tire).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Robustness&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Strength&amp;quot; of a system against &amp;quot;Random&amp;quot; failures (e.g., a &amp;quot;Car&amp;quot; that still runs with one flat tire).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to &amp;quot;Reroute&amp;quot; its traffic or &amp;quot;Grow new links&amp;quot; after a failure (e.g., &amp;quot;The Internet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;The Human Brain&amp;quot; after a stroke).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to &amp;quot;Reroute&amp;quot; its traffic or &amp;quot;Grow new links&amp;quot; after a failure (e.g., &amp;quot;The Internet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;The Human Brain&amp;quot; after a stroke).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modularity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Having &amp;quot;Semi-Independent&amp;quot; groups; if one group &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Firewall&amp;quot; stops the failure from reaching the other groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modularity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Having &amp;quot;Semi-Independent&amp;quot; groups; if one group &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Firewall&amp;quot; stops the failure from reaching the other groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Network resilience is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Attack&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Redundancy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Network resilience is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Attack&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Redundancy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l39&quot;&gt;Line 39:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 46:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;2003 Blackout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A single &amp;quot;Tree branch&amp;quot; touched a power line in Ohio. Because the grid was &amp;quot;Highly Connected&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Overloaded,&amp;quot; the failure &amp;quot;Cascaded&amp;quot; across the entire Northeastern US and Canada, leaving 50 million people in the dark. It is the &amp;quot;Classic Example&amp;quot; of how &amp;quot;Complexity&amp;quot; creates &amp;quot;Fragility.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;2003 Blackout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A single &amp;quot;Tree branch&amp;quot; touched a power line in Ohio. Because the grid was &amp;quot;Highly Connected&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Overloaded,&amp;quot; the failure &amp;quot;Cascaded&amp;quot; across the entire Northeastern US and Canada, leaving 50 million people in the dark. It is the &amp;quot;Classic Example&amp;quot; of how &amp;quot;Complexity&amp;quot; creates &amp;quot;Fragility.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Network Attack&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Random&amp;#039; vs &amp;#039;Targeted&amp;#039; failure):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Network Attack&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Random&amp;#039; vs &amp;#039;Targeted&amp;#039; failure):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l69&quot;&gt;Line 69:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 78:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Six Degrees&amp;#039; of Fragility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why &amp;quot;Rumors&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Viruses&amp;quot; are so hard to stop—the same &amp;quot;Shortcuts&amp;quot; that make the world &amp;quot;Small&amp;quot; also make it &amp;quot;Highly Vulnerable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Viral Cascades.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Six Degrees&amp;#039; of Fragility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why &amp;quot;Rumors&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Viruses&amp;quot; are so hard to stop—the same &amp;quot;Shortcuts&amp;quot; that make the world &amp;quot;Small&amp;quot; also make it &amp;quot;Highly Vulnerable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Viral Cascades.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biodiversity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → An &amp;quot;Ecological Network.&amp;quot; If you remove one &amp;quot;Bee,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Whole Forest&amp;quot; might die because the &amp;quot;Network of Life&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Inter-dependent.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biodiversity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → An &amp;quot;Ecological Network.&amp;quot; If you remove one &amp;quot;Bee,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Whole Forest&amp;quot; might die because the &amp;quot;Network of Life&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Inter-dependent.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Robustness vs. Efficiency&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Robustness vs. Efficiency&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l87&quot;&gt;Line 87:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 98:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Graceful Degradation&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Gentle Fail.&amp;quot; A resilient system doesn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Explode&amp;quot; when it breaks. It &amp;quot;Slows down&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Loses 10% of its power.&amp;quot; You want your &amp;quot;Hospital Generator&amp;quot; to fail &amp;quot;Gracefully&amp;quot; (keeping the lights on in the OR) rather than &amp;quot;Instantly.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Graceful Degradation&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Gentle Fail.&amp;quot; A resilient system doesn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Explode&amp;quot; when it breaks. It &amp;quot;Slows down&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Loses 10% of its power.&amp;quot; You want your &amp;quot;Hospital Generator&amp;quot; to fail &amp;quot;Gracefully&amp;quot; (keeping the lights on in the OR) rather than &amp;quot;Instantly.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating network resilience:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating network resilience:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; Trap&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Capitalism&amp;quot; making us &amp;quot;Less Resilient&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Removing all waste&amp;quot; from the system? (The &amp;quot;Just-In-Time&amp;quot; supply chain failure of 2020).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; Trap&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Capitalism&amp;quot; making us &amp;quot;Less Resilient&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Removing all waste&amp;quot; from the system? (The &amp;quot;Just-In-Time&amp;quot; supply chain failure of 2020).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l94&quot;&gt;Line 94:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Complexity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we ever &amp;quot;Fully understand&amp;quot; a system as complex as the &amp;quot;Global Climate&amp;quot; well enough to know its &amp;quot;Breaking Point&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Complexity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we ever &amp;quot;Fully understand&amp;quot; a system as complex as the &amp;quot;Global Climate&amp;quot; well enough to know its &amp;quot;Breaking Point&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics of Hubs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;One Company&amp;quot; (like Amazon or Google) be allowed to be a &amp;quot;Global Hub&amp;quot; if their &amp;quot;Failure&amp;quot; would &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; society?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics of Hubs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;One Company&amp;quot; (like Amazon or Google) be allowed to be a &amp;quot;Global Hub&amp;quot; if their &amp;quot;Failure&amp;quot; would &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; society?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Smart Pipes&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Smart Bridges&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Sense a crack&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Inject a resin&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heal themselves&amp;quot; like a human skin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Smart Pipes&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Smart Bridges&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Sense a crack&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Inject a resin&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heal themselves&amp;quot; like a human skin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l106&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 121:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Social Network Analysis]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Social Network Analysis]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Network_Resilience&amp;diff=1787&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Network Resilience</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Network_Resilience&amp;diff=1787&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T15:33:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Network Resilience&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Network Resilience is the study of &amp;quot;How systems survive failure&amp;quot;—the science of &amp;quot;Robustness&amp;quot; that explains why some networks (like the &amp;quot;Internet&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Brain&amp;quot;) can lose 50% of their parts and still work, while others (like a &amp;quot;Power Grid&amp;quot; or a &amp;quot;Supply Chain&amp;quot;) collapse after a single &amp;quot;Small error.&amp;quot; It is the science of the &amp;quot;Breaking Point.&amp;quot; By studying &amp;quot;Redundancy,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cascading Failures,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Targeted Attacks,&amp;quot; we can build cities that survive &amp;quot;Earthquakes,&amp;quot; banks that survive &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; and computers that &amp;quot;Heal themselves.&amp;quot; It is the realization that &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; is the enemy of &amp;quot;Survival&amp;quot;—that a &amp;quot;Messy&amp;quot; network is often more &amp;quot;Resilient&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Perfect&amp;quot; one.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Network Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to maintain its &amp;quot;Connectivity&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Function&amp;quot; when nodes or edges are removed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Robustness&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Strength&amp;quot; of a system against &amp;quot;Random&amp;quot; failures (e.g., a &amp;quot;Car&amp;quot; that still runs with one flat tire).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cascading Failure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (The Domino Effect) — When the failure of &amp;quot;One Node&amp;quot; puts &amp;quot;Too much pressure&amp;quot; on its neighbors, causing them to fail, leading to a &amp;quot;Total Collapse&amp;quot; (e.g., the 2003 North American Blackout).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Redundancy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Having &amp;quot;Multiple Paths&amp;quot; to the same goal (The &amp;quot;Back-up&amp;quot; system).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Scale-Free Robustness&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The property of networks with &amp;quot;Hubs&amp;quot;: they are &amp;quot;Indestructible&amp;quot; by random failure but &amp;quot;Fragile&amp;quot; to targeted attacks on the Hubs.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Connectivity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The measure of &amp;quot;How many pieces&amp;quot; a network breaks into (The &amp;quot;Giant Component&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Percolation Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The math of &amp;quot;When a network becomes a whole&amp;quot; (and when it &amp;quot;Falls apart&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Node Removal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Simulating an &amp;quot;Attack&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Failure&amp;quot; to see what happens to the rest of the system.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The ability of a network to &amp;quot;Reroute&amp;quot; its traffic or &amp;quot;Grow new links&amp;quot; after a failure (e.g., &amp;quot;The Internet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;The Human Brain&amp;quot; after a stroke).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modularity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Having &amp;quot;Semi-Independent&amp;quot; groups; if one group &amp;quot;Crashes,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Firewall&amp;quot; stops the failure from reaching the other groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Network resilience is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Attack&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Redundancy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Spider Web&amp;quot; vs. The &amp;quot;Chain&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Efficiency is &amp;quot;Fragile.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* A **Chain** is &amp;quot;Perfectly Efficient&amp;quot;—it uses the minimum amount of metal to lift a weight. But if &amp;quot;One link&amp;quot; breaks, the whole thing fails.&lt;br /&gt;
* A **Spider Web** is &amp;quot;Inefficient&amp;quot;—it has a lot of &amp;quot;Extra&amp;quot; silk. But you can &amp;quot;Cut half the web&amp;quot; and it still &amp;quot;Holds together.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Resilience is the art of &amp;quot;Adding the right amount of Waste&amp;quot; (Redundancy) to ensure &amp;quot;Survival.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Hub&amp;quot; Problem (Targeted Attacks)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Modern life depends on &amp;quot;Hubs.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The **Internet** is a Scale-Free network. If you &amp;quot;Randomly&amp;quot; turn off 1,000 computers, &amp;quot;Nothing happens&amp;quot; (because most computers aren&amp;#039;t Hubs).&lt;br /&gt;
* But if you &amp;quot;Target&amp;quot; the **Top 5 Hubs** (the major data centers), the &amp;quot;Entire Internet&amp;quot; stops working.&lt;br /&gt;
* Our civilization is &amp;quot;Strong&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;Accidents&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;Weak&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;Smart Enemies&amp;quot; (Hackers or Saboteurs).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Load&amp;quot; Factor (Cascading Failures)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Failure is &amp;quot;Contagious&amp;quot; when the system is &amp;quot;Full.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Imagine a &amp;quot;Traffic Jam.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* One &amp;quot;Small Accident&amp;quot; closes one lane.&lt;br /&gt;
* The cars &amp;quot;Move to the next lane.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Now that lane is &amp;quot;Overloaded&amp;quot; and slows down.&lt;br /&gt;
* This &amp;quot;Stress&amp;quot; moves through the whole city until the &amp;quot;Entire Network&amp;quot; is frozen.&lt;br /&gt;
* Resilience means having &amp;quot;Buffer Space&amp;quot; so that failure &amp;quot;Doesn&amp;#039;t Spread.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;2003 Blackout&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A single &amp;quot;Tree branch&amp;quot; touched a power line in Ohio. Because the grid was &amp;quot;Highly Connected&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Overloaded,&amp;quot; the failure &amp;quot;Cascaded&amp;quot; across the entire Northeastern US and Canada, leaving 50 million people in the dark. It is the &amp;quot;Classic Example&amp;quot; of how &amp;quot;Complexity&amp;quot; creates &amp;quot;Fragility.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Network Attack&amp;#039; (Simulating &amp;#039;Random&amp;#039; vs &amp;#039;Targeted&amp;#039; failure):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def simulate_attack(network_nodes, attack_type):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows why &amp;#039;Hubs&amp;#039; are the &amp;#039;Achilles Heel&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    if attack_type == &amp;quot;Random&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        # Usually hits a &amp;#039;Leaf&amp;#039; node&lt;br /&gt;
        damage = 1 # Percent&lt;br /&gt;
        verdict = &amp;quot;SYSTEM STABLE. No one noticed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif attack_type == &amp;quot;Targeted&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        # Hits the &amp;#039;High Degree&amp;#039; nodes&lt;br /&gt;
        damage = 80 # Percent&lt;br /&gt;
        verdict = &amp;quot;SYSTEM COLLAPSE. Total darkness.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;Attack: {attack_type} | Damage: {damage}% | {verdict}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A hacker attacks the Hubs&lt;br /&gt;
print(simulate_attack(1000, &amp;quot;Targeted&amp;quot;))&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A random computer breaks&lt;br /&gt;
print(simulate_attack(1000, &amp;quot;Random&amp;quot;))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Resilience Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Internet&amp;#039; Protocol (TCP/IP)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Designed to &amp;quot;Survive a Nuclear Strike&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Rerouting&amp;quot; data. If &amp;quot;New York&amp;quot; is gone, the data goes through &amp;quot;Chicago.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Financial &amp;#039;Stress Tests&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Banks must &amp;quot;Simulate&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Network Collapse&amp;quot; (using Monte Carlo) to prove they have enough &amp;quot;Redundancy&amp;quot; (Cash) to survive.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Six Degrees&amp;#039; of Fragility&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Why &amp;quot;Rumors&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Viruses&amp;quot; are so hard to stop—the same &amp;quot;Shortcuts&amp;quot; that make the world &amp;quot;Small&amp;quot; also make it &amp;quot;Highly Vulnerable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Viral Cascades.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biodiversity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → An &amp;quot;Ecological Network.&amp;quot; If you remove one &amp;quot;Bee,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Whole Forest&amp;quot; might die because the &amp;quot;Network of Life&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Inter-dependent.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Robustness vs. Efficiency&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Efficient System (The Chain) !! Robust System (The Web)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Cost || Low (No waste) || High (Lots of &amp;quot;Backups&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Speed || High (Shortest path) || Moderate (May take detour)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Failure Result || Sudden / Total || Slow / &amp;quot;Graceful Degradation&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Best For || &amp;quot;Stable&amp;quot; Environments || &amp;quot;Unpredictable&amp;quot; Environments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Formula 1&amp;#039; Car || A &amp;#039;Jeep&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Graceful Degradation&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Gentle Fail.&amp;quot; A resilient system doesn&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Explode&amp;quot; when it breaks. It &amp;quot;Slows down&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Loses 10% of its power.&amp;quot; You want your &amp;quot;Hospital Generator&amp;quot; to fail &amp;quot;Gracefully&amp;quot; (keeping the lights on in the OR) rather than &amp;quot;Instantly.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating network resilience:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Efficiency&amp;quot; Trap&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Capitalism&amp;quot; making us &amp;quot;Less Resilient&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Removing all waste&amp;quot; from the system? (The &amp;quot;Just-In-Time&amp;quot; supply chain failure of 2020).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hyper-Connectivity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is the &amp;quot;Internet&amp;quot; making us &amp;quot;Too Connected&amp;quot;? (If a &amp;quot;Bank in London&amp;quot; fails, does a &amp;quot;Farmer in Kenya&amp;quot; have to starve?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Complexity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we ever &amp;quot;Fully understand&amp;quot; a system as complex as the &amp;quot;Global Climate&amp;quot; well enough to know its &amp;quot;Breaking Point&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethics of Hubs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;One Company&amp;quot; (like Amazon or Google) be allowed to be a &amp;quot;Global Hub&amp;quot; if their &amp;quot;Failure&amp;quot; would &amp;quot;Destroy&amp;quot; society?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Self-Healing Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Smart Pipes&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Smart Bridges&amp;quot; that can &amp;quot;Sense a crack&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Inject a resin&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heal themselves&amp;quot; like a human skin.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Decentralized Energy (Microgrids)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Moving away from &amp;quot;Big Power Hubs&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Every house is a Hub,&amp;quot; making the &amp;quot;Power Grid&amp;quot; as resilient as the &amp;quot;Internet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neural Plasticity Drugs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Drugs that &amp;quot;Help the brain&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Reroute&amp;quot; its connections after a &amp;quot;Stroke,&amp;quot; restoring &amp;quot;Resilience&amp;quot; to the mind.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Antifragile&amp;#039; Economy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An economic system that &amp;quot;Benefits&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Small Crashes&amp;quot; by using them to &amp;quot;Clean out the weak parts,&amp;quot; making the &amp;quot;Whole System&amp;quot; stronger over time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mathematics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computer Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Social Network Analysis]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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