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	<title>Misinformation and Science Denial - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:12:54Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Misinformation and Science Denial</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:54:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Misinformation and Science Denial&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:54, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Misinformation and Science Denial is the &amp;quot;Study of the Lie&amp;quot;—the investigation of how &amp;quot;False Information&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Anti-Science Beliefs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spread&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infect&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Global Mind.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; seeks the &amp;quot;Truth,&amp;quot; **Misinformation** seeks &amp;quot;Influence,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Profit,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Echo Chambers&amp;quot; of social media that &amp;quot;Trap&amp;quot; people in &amp;quot;Alternative Realities&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Inoculation Theory&amp;quot; (the &amp;#039;Vaccine for the Mind&amp;#039;) and the &amp;quot;Post-Truth&amp;quot; era where &amp;quot;Feelings&amp;quot; matter more than &amp;quot;Facts,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Pathology of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Mental Immunity,&amp;quot; explaining why it is so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Un-teach&amp;quot; a lie once it has been &amp;quot;Learned.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Misinformation and Science Denial is the &amp;quot;Study of the Lie&amp;quot;—the investigation of how &amp;quot;False Information&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Anti-Science Beliefs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spread&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infect&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Global Mind.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; seeks the &amp;quot;Truth,&amp;quot; **Misinformation** seeks &amp;quot;Influence,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Profit,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Echo Chambers&amp;quot; of social media that &amp;quot;Trap&amp;quot; people in &amp;quot;Alternative Realities&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Inoculation Theory&amp;quot; (the &amp;#039;Vaccine for the Mind&amp;#039;) and the &amp;quot;Post-Truth&amp;quot; era where &amp;quot;Feelings&amp;quot; matter more than &amp;quot;Facts,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Pathology of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Mental Immunity,&amp;quot; explaining why it is so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Un-teach&amp;quot; a lie once it has been &amp;quot;Learned.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Misinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Inaccurate&amp;quot; information that is spread, &amp;quot;Regardless of Intent&amp;quot; to deceive (e.g., &amp;#039;An honest mistake&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Misinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Inaccurate&amp;quot; information that is spread, &amp;quot;Regardless of Intent&amp;quot; to deceive (e.g., &amp;#039;An honest mistake&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Disinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; information that is &amp;quot;Intentionally Created&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deceive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Harm&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;A Propaganda campaign&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Disinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; information that is &amp;quot;Intentionally Created&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deceive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Harm&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;A Propaganda campaign&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Post-Truth&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A culture where &amp;quot;Personal Beliefs&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Emotions&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;More Influential&amp;quot; in shaping public opinion than &amp;quot;Objective Facts.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Post-Truth&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A culture where &amp;quot;Personal Beliefs&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Emotions&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;More Influential&amp;quot; in shaping public opinion than &amp;quot;Objective Facts.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Verifying&amp;quot; a claim against &amp;quot;Evidence.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Verifying&amp;quot; a claim against &amp;quot;Evidence.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Misinformation is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Misinformation is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l42&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Tobacco&amp;#039; Playbook (1950s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Tobacco companies knew &amp;quot;Cigarettes caused Cancer.&amp;quot; They &amp;quot;Hired Scientists&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Create Doubt.&amp;quot; They didn&amp;#039;t have to &amp;quot;Prove they were right&amp;quot;; they just had to &amp;quot;Make people think the Science wasn&amp;#039;t settled.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Playbook of Doubt&amp;quot; was later used for &amp;quot;Climate Denial,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Misinformation&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Professional Industry.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Tobacco&amp;#039; Playbook (1950s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Tobacco companies knew &amp;quot;Cigarettes caused Cancer.&amp;quot; They &amp;quot;Hired Scientists&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Create Doubt.&amp;quot; They didn&amp;#039;t have to &amp;quot;Prove they were right&amp;quot;; they just had to &amp;quot;Make people think the Science wasn&amp;#039;t settled.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Playbook of Doubt&amp;quot; was later used for &amp;quot;Climate Denial,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Misinformation&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Professional Industry.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Viral Spread&amp;#039; (Predicting if a &amp;#039;Lie&amp;#039; will go global):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Viral Spread&amp;#039; (Predicting if a &amp;#039;Lie&amp;#039; will go global):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l68&quot;&gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Deepfakes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 04). The &amp;quot;Next Frontier&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Fake Videos&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Leaders&amp;quot; saying things they never said.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Deepfakes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 04). The &amp;quot;Next Frontier&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Fake Videos&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Leaders&amp;quot; saying things they never said.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychological Inoculation Games&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (e.g. &amp;#039;Bad News&amp;#039; game). A &amp;quot;Game&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;Play as a Fake News Creator&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Learn the Tricks,&amp;quot; making you &amp;quot;Immune&amp;quot; to them in real life.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychological Inoculation Games&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (e.g. &amp;#039;Bad News&amp;#039; game). A &amp;quot;Game&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;Play as a Fake News Creator&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Learn the Tricks,&amp;quot; making you &amp;quot;Immune&amp;quot; to them in real life.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Misinformation vs. Science Denial&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Misinformation vs. Science Denial&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l86&quot;&gt;Line 86:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 97:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Illusory Truth Effect&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Repetition.&amp;quot; If you &amp;quot;Hear a Lie&amp;quot; **10 times**, your brain &amp;quot;Starts to think it is true&amp;quot; just because it &amp;quot;Feels Familiar.&amp;quot; Misinformation &amp;quot;Wins&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Repeating itself&amp;quot; until the &amp;quot;Truth&amp;quot; sounds &amp;quot;Strange.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Illusory Truth Effect&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Repetition.&amp;quot; If you &amp;quot;Hear a Lie&amp;quot; **10 times**, your brain &amp;quot;Starts to think it is true&amp;quot; just because it &amp;quot;Feels Familiar.&amp;quot; Misinformation &amp;quot;Wins&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Repeating itself&amp;quot; until the &amp;quot;Truth&amp;quot; sounds &amp;quot;Strange.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating misinformation and science denial:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating misinformation and science denial:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Censorship&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;Facebook&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Delete&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fake News&amp;quot;? (Who &amp;#039;Decides&amp;#039; what is fake? Does it &amp;#039;Violate Free Speech&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Censorship&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;Facebook&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Delete&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fake News&amp;quot;? (Who &amp;#039;Decides&amp;#039; what is fake? Does it &amp;#039;Violate Free Speech&amp;#039;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l93&quot;&gt;Line 93:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Identity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Denying Science&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Rational Choice&amp;quot; if your &amp;quot;Whole Community&amp;quot; will &amp;quot;Hate You&amp;quot; if you accept it?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Identity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Denying Science&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Rational Choice&amp;quot; if your &amp;quot;Whole Community&amp;quot; will &amp;quot;Hate You&amp;quot; if you accept it?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Will &amp;quot;AI&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; misinformation (by &amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039; everything) or &amp;quot;Destroy Truth&amp;quot; (by &amp;#039;Creating&amp;#039; infinite lies)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Will &amp;quot;AI&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; misinformation (by &amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039; everything) or &amp;quot;Destroy Truth&amp;quot; (by &amp;#039;Creating&amp;#039; infinite lies)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Truth&amp;#039; Guard&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Neural Overlay&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Highlights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Emotional Manipulation&amp;quot; in a text in &amp;quot;Red,&amp;quot; helping you &amp;quot;Pause&amp;quot; before you &amp;quot;Believe.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Truth&amp;#039; Guard&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Neural Overlay&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Highlights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Emotional Manipulation&amp;quot; in a text in &amp;quot;Red,&amp;quot; helping you &amp;quot;Pause&amp;quot; before you &amp;quot;Believe.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l108&quot;&gt;Line 108:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 123:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Misinformation_and_Science_Denial&amp;diff=1969&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Misinformation and Science Denial</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Misinformation_and_Science_Denial&amp;diff=1969&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T16:41:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Misinformation and Science Denial&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Misinformation and Science Denial is the &amp;quot;Study of the Lie&amp;quot;—the investigation of how &amp;quot;False Information&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Anti-Science Beliefs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Spread&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Infect&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Global Mind.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot; seeks the &amp;quot;Truth,&amp;quot; **Misinformation** seeks &amp;quot;Influence,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Profit,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot; From the &amp;quot;Echo Chambers&amp;quot; of social media that &amp;quot;Trap&amp;quot; people in &amp;quot;Alternative Realities&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Inoculation Theory&amp;quot; (the &amp;#039;Vaccine for the Mind&amp;#039;) and the &amp;quot;Post-Truth&amp;quot; era where &amp;quot;Feelings&amp;quot; matter more than &amp;quot;Facts,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Pathology of Knowledge.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Mental Immunity,&amp;quot; explaining why it is so &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Un-teach&amp;quot; a lie once it has been &amp;quot;Learned.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Misinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Inaccurate&amp;quot; information that is spread, &amp;quot;Regardless of Intent&amp;quot; to deceive (e.g., &amp;#039;An honest mistake&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Disinformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; information that is &amp;quot;Intentionally Created&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deceive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Harm&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;A Propaganda campaign&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Science Denial&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Systematic Rejection&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Scientific Consensus&amp;quot; on a specific topic (e.g., &amp;#039;Climate Denial,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Flat Earth&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Echo Chamber&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Social Environment&amp;quot; (Online) where a person &amp;quot;Only Hears Opinions&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Confirm&amp;quot; their own beliefs.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Confirmation Bias&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Mental Glitch&amp;quot; where we &amp;quot;Ignore&amp;quot; facts that &amp;quot;Contradict&amp;quot; us and &amp;quot;Love&amp;quot; facts that &amp;quot;Support&amp;quot; us.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Inoculation Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Pre-bunking) — The strategy of &amp;quot;Exposing&amp;quot; people to a &amp;quot;Weak version of a lie&amp;quot; to help them &amp;quot;Build Antibodies&amp;quot; against the &amp;quot;Strong version&amp;quot; later.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Motivated Reasoning&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Using &amp;quot;Logic&amp;quot; to reach a &amp;quot;Result&amp;quot; that you &amp;quot;Want&amp;quot; to be true (The &amp;#039;Lawyer&amp;#039; brain vs the &amp;#039;Scientist&amp;#039; brain).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Backfire Effect&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 541). When &amp;quot;Correcting&amp;quot; a lie only makes the person &amp;quot;Believe it more&amp;quot; because they feel &amp;quot;Attacked.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Post-Truth&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A culture where &amp;quot;Personal Beliefs&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Emotions&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;More Influential&amp;quot; in shaping public opinion than &amp;quot;Objective Facts.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Verifying&amp;quot; a claim against &amp;quot;Evidence.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Misinformation is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Infection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Sticky&amp;quot; Lie (Psychology)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Why is &amp;quot;Fake News&amp;quot; so &amp;quot;Easy to Believe&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
* Fake news is &amp;quot;Designed&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Trigger Strong Emotions&amp;quot; (Anger, Fear, Pride).&lt;br /&gt;
* Truth is often &amp;quot;Boring and Complex.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Lies** are &amp;quot;Simple and Dramatic.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Our &amp;quot;Brain&amp;quot; remembers the &amp;quot;DRAMA,&amp;quot; even if we are told later that it was &amp;quot;Fake.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Misinformation&amp;quot; is the &amp;quot;Junk Food&amp;quot; of the mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Echo&amp;quot; (Social Media)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Algorithm&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Bias Machine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If you &amp;quot;Like&amp;quot; one &amp;quot;Anti-Vaccine&amp;quot; post, the computer shows you **100 more**.&lt;br /&gt;
* You &amp;quot;Block&amp;quot; anyone who disagrees with you.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eventually, your &amp;quot;Whole World&amp;quot; thinks the &amp;quot;Same Thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* You begin to think: &amp;quot;If everyone I know believes X, then the &amp;#039;Experts&amp;#039; must be the liars.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Echo Chamber&amp;quot; makes the &amp;quot;Lie&amp;quot; feel like &amp;quot;Common Sense.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Inoculation&amp;quot; (The Cure)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
How do we &amp;quot;Fight&amp;quot; a lie?&lt;br /&gt;
* **Debunking** (Correcting after the lie) is &amp;quot;Hard&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Slow.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Pre-bunking** (Inoculation) is &amp;quot;Fast&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Effective.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If you &amp;quot;Tell&amp;quot; a person: &amp;quot;Hey, someone is going to try to trick you using **This Specific Logic**,&amp;quot; their brain &amp;quot;Wakes up.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* They become &amp;quot;Immune&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Trick.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* We &amp;quot;Vaccinate&amp;quot; the mind against the &amp;quot;Virus of the Lie.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Tobacco&amp;#039; Playbook (1950s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Tobacco companies knew &amp;quot;Cigarettes caused Cancer.&amp;quot; They &amp;quot;Hired Scientists&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Create Doubt.&amp;quot; They didn&amp;#039;t have to &amp;quot;Prove they were right&amp;quot;; they just had to &amp;quot;Make people think the Science wasn&amp;#039;t settled.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Playbook of Doubt&amp;quot; was later used for &amp;quot;Climate Denial,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Misinformation&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Professional Industry.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Viral Spread&amp;#039; (Predicting if a &amp;#039;Lie&amp;#039; will go global):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_lie_virality(emotion_lvl, simple_logic, identity_alignment):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows the &amp;#039;R-Number&amp;#039; of a piece of fake news.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    score = (emotion_lvl * 2) + (simple_logic * 1.5) + (identity_alignment * 3)&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    if score &amp;gt; 80:&lt;br /&gt;
        return f&amp;quot;VIRALITY: EXTREME ({score}). This lie will &amp;#039;Infect&amp;#039; millions by tomorrow.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif score &amp;gt; 40:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;VIRALITY: MODERATE. It will spread in &amp;#039;Niche&amp;#039; groups.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;VIRALITY: LOW. Too boring/complex to go viral.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: &amp;quot;THE GOVERNMENT IS STEALING YOUR DNA!&amp;quot; (High Emotion, Simple, Identity-based)&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_lie_virality(10, 10, 10))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Misinfo Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Merchants of Doubt&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A famous book/film that &amp;quot;Exposed&amp;quot; how &amp;quot;A Small Group of Scientists&amp;quot; was &amp;quot;Paid&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deny&amp;quot; everything from &amp;#039;Ozone depletion&amp;#039; to &amp;#039;Smoking.&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Twitter&amp;#039; Bot Wars&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → How &amp;quot;Automated Accounts&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Amplify&amp;quot; lies to make it look like &amp;quot;Public Consensus.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Deepfakes&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 04). The &amp;quot;Next Frontier&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Fake Videos&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Experts&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Leaders&amp;quot; saying things they never said.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Psychological Inoculation Games&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (e.g. &amp;#039;Bad News&amp;#039; game). A &amp;quot;Game&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;Play as a Fake News Creator&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Learn the Tricks,&amp;quot; making you &amp;quot;Immune&amp;quot; to them in real life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Misinformation vs. Science Denial&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Misinformation (The Mistake/Lie) !! Science Denial (The Rejection)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Goal || &amp;quot;Confusion / Clicks / Profit&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Protection of Identity / Worldview&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Focus || &amp;quot;A Single Fact&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;This pill works&amp;#039;) || &amp;quot;A Whole Field&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Evolution is a lie&amp;#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Source || &amp;quot;Internet Trolls / Bad News&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Political/Religious/Cultural Groups&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Cure || &amp;quot;Fact-Checking / De-platforming&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Deep Dialogue / Value Alignment&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Prank&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Shield&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;The Illusory Truth Effect&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;Repetition.&amp;quot; If you &amp;quot;Hear a Lie&amp;quot; **10 times**, your brain &amp;quot;Starts to think it is true&amp;quot; just because it &amp;quot;Feels Familiar.&amp;quot; Misinformation &amp;quot;Wins&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Repeating itself&amp;quot; until the &amp;quot;Truth&amp;quot; sounds &amp;quot;Strange.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating misinformation and science denial:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Censorship&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Should &amp;quot;Facebook&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Delete&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fake News&amp;quot;? (Who &amp;#039;Decides&amp;#039; what is fake? Does it &amp;#039;Violate Free Speech&amp;#039;?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Education&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why is &amp;quot;Teaching Facts&amp;quot; (History/Math) &amp;quot;Not Enough&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Stop Denial&amp;quot;? (Do we need to &amp;#039;Teach&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Skepticism&amp;#039;?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Identity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Denying Science&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Rational Choice&amp;quot; if your &amp;quot;Whole Community&amp;quot; will &amp;quot;Hate You&amp;quot; if you accept it?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Will &amp;quot;AI&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Solve&amp;quot; misinformation (by &amp;#039;Fact-Checking&amp;#039; everything) or &amp;quot;Destroy Truth&amp;quot; (by &amp;#039;Creating&amp;#039; infinite lies)?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Truth&amp;#039; Guard&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Neural Overlay&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Highlights&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Emotional Manipulation&amp;quot; in a text in &amp;quot;Red,&amp;quot; helping you &amp;quot;Pause&amp;quot; before you &amp;quot;Believe.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global &amp;#039;Inoculation&amp;#039; Campaigns&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Videos&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Games&amp;quot; sent to &amp;quot;Billions of People&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Expose the Tricks&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;Next Big Lie&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;AI-generated deepfakes&amp;#039;) before the election.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Identity-Safe&amp;#039; Science Wiki&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Wiki&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Frames Science&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;10 different ways&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Evolution for the Religious,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Climate for the Capitalist&amp;#039;), &amp;quot;Removing the Threat&amp;quot; to identity.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Decentralized &amp;#039;Trust&amp;#039; Ledgers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Science Data&amp;quot; where the &amp;quot;History of a Fact&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Unchangeable,&amp;quot; making it &amp;quot;Impossible&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Rewrite History&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Hide the Truth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Communication]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science Communication]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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