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	<title>Liberalism and International Organizations - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T15:53:40Z</updated>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:53:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Liberalism and International Organizations&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:53, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liberalism and International Organizations is the &amp;quot;Study of the Bridge&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~18th Century–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Democratic Values,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Economic Interdependence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Overcome&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;World&amp;quot; (see Article 677) and &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Lasting Peace.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Realism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;War,&amp;quot; **Liberalism** &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Law.&amp;quot; From **Immanuel Kant’s** &amp;quot;Perpetual Peace&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;United Nations&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Free Trade&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Human Rights,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Logic of the Contract.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Integration,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Trade&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t Fight&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Global Institutions&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Govern&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Common Good.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liberalism and International Organizations is the &amp;quot;Study of the Bridge&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~18th Century–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Democratic Values,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Economic Interdependence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Overcome&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;World&amp;quot; (see Article 677) and &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Lasting Peace.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Realism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;War,&amp;quot; **Liberalism** &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Law.&amp;quot; From **Immanuel Kant’s** &amp;quot;Perpetual Peace&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;United Nations&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Free Trade&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Human Rights,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Logic of the Contract.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Integration,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Trade&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t Fight&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Global Institutions&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Govern&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Common Good.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Liberalism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in IR) — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Possible and Desirable&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Shared Institutions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Values.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Liberalism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in IR) — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Possible and Desirable&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Shared Institutions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Values.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democratic Peace Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that **&amp;quot;Democracies&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Almost Never&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Go to War&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Each Other.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democratic Peace Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that **&amp;quot;Democracies&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Almost Never&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Go to War&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Each Other.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soft Power&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Joseph Nye). The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Others&amp;quot; through **&amp;quot;Attraction&amp;quot;** (Culture/Values) rather than **&amp;quot;Coercion&amp;quot;** (Military/Money).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soft Power&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Joseph Nye). The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Others&amp;quot; through **&amp;quot;Attraction&amp;quot;** (Culture/Values) rather than **&amp;quot;Coercion&amp;quot;** (Military/Money).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global Governance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ongoing Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Affairs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Without&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Single World Government.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global Governance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ongoing Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Affairs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Without&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Single World Government.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liberalism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Inference&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Institutionalization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liberalism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Inference&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Institutionalization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;McDonald&amp;#039;s Peace&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (Thomas Friedman). The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Two Countries&amp;quot; with a **McDonald&amp;#039;s** had &amp;quot;Ever&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gone to War&amp;quot; with each other. It was a &amp;quot;Popular Symbol&amp;quot; of how **&amp;quot;Global Consumer Culture&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Economic Integration&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;McDonald&amp;#039;s Peace&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (Thomas Friedman). The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Two Countries&amp;quot; with a **McDonald&amp;#039;s** had &amp;quot;Ever&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gone to War&amp;quot; with each other. It was a &amp;quot;Popular Symbol&amp;quot; of how **&amp;quot;Global Consumer Culture&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Economic Integration&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Cooperation Payoff&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Gain&amp;#039; from Institutional Join):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Cooperation Payoff&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Gain&amp;#039; from Institutional Join):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l68&quot;&gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;World Trade Organization&amp;#039; (WTO)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Economic Judge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Trade Rules&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Resolving&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Disputes&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Legally.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;World Trade Organization&amp;#039; (WTO)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Economic Judge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Trade Rules&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Resolving&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Disputes&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Legally.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&amp;#039; (IPCC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 589). The &amp;quot;Scientific Bridge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Coordinating&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Knowledge&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Force&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Political Action.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&amp;#039; (IPCC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 589). The &amp;quot;Scientific Bridge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Coordinating&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Knowledge&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Force&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Political Action.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Realism vs. Liberalism&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Realism vs. Liberalism&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l86&quot;&gt;Line 86:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 97:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Democratic Backsliding&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Threat.&amp;quot; (See Article 543). Liberals worry that if **&amp;quot;Democracy&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Fails&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Inside&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nations,&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;International Order&amp;quot;** will &amp;quot;Collapse&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Back&amp;quot; into **&amp;quot;Realist Conflict.&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Fragility of Peace&amp;#039;). &amp;quot;Global Stability&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Depends&amp;quot; on **&amp;quot;Local Liberty.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Democratic Backsliding&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Threat.&amp;quot; (See Article 543). Liberals worry that if **&amp;quot;Democracy&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Fails&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Inside&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nations,&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;International Order&amp;quot;** will &amp;quot;Collapse&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Back&amp;quot; into **&amp;quot;Realist Conflict.&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Fragility of Peace&amp;#039;). &amp;quot;Global Stability&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Depends&amp;quot; on **&amp;quot;Local Liberty.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Liberalism:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Liberalism:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equality&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;International Institutions&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The IMF&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Favor&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global North&amp;quot;** (see Article 645)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equality&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;International Institutions&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The IMF&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Favor&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global North&amp;quot;** (see Article 645)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l93&quot;&gt;Line 93:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Efficacy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can the **&amp;quot;UN&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stop&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Great Power&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Invading&amp;quot; another?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Efficacy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can the **&amp;quot;UN&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stop&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Great Power&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Invading&amp;quot; another?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Liberalism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Marshall Plan&amp;quot;** and the **&amp;quot;Rise of China&amp;quot;** (through &amp;#039;WTO&amp;#039; entry)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Liberalism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Marshall Plan&amp;quot;** and the **&amp;quot;Rise of China&amp;quot;** (through &amp;#039;WTO&amp;#039; entry)?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Global-Contract&amp;#039; AI-Mediator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Drafts&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Trade and Peace Treaties&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Balance&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Absolute Gains&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;All Sides&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stability.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Global-Contract&amp;#039; AI-Mediator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Drafts&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Trade and Peace Treaties&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Balance&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Absolute Gains&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;All Sides&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stability.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l112&quot;&gt;Line 112:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 127:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Human Rights]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Human Rights]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Economics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Economics]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_International_Organizations&amp;diff=2230&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Liberalism and International Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_International_Organizations&amp;diff=2230&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T17:34:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Liberalism and International Organizations&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Liberalism and International Organizations is the &amp;quot;Study of the Bridge&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~18th Century–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Democratic Values,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Economic Interdependence&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Overcome&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;World&amp;quot; (see Article 677) and &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Lasting Peace.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Realism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;War,&amp;quot; **Liberalism** &amp;quot;Focuses&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Law.&amp;quot; From **Immanuel Kant’s** &amp;quot;Perpetual Peace&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;United Nations&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Free Trade&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Human Rights,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Logic of the Contract.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Integration,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Trade&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t Fight&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Global Institutions&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Govern&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Common Good.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Liberalism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in IR) — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Cooperation&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Possible and Desirable&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Shared Institutions&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Values.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Democratic Peace Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that **&amp;quot;Democracies&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Almost Never&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Go to War&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Each Other.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;International Organizations&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (IOs) — &amp;quot;Institutions&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The UN,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;The WHO,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;The World Bank&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Created&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Coordinate&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Action.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Immanuel Kant&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 635). The &amp;quot;Father&amp;quot;: who &amp;quot;Proposed&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Federation of Free States&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Achieve&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Perpetual Peace&amp;quot;** (1795).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Economic Interdependence&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Idea&amp;quot; that if &amp;quot;Countries&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Economically Linked&amp;quot; (see Article 618), &amp;quot;War&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;Too Expensive&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Self-Destructive.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Collective Security&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Principle&amp;quot; (The &amp;#039;UN&amp;#039; model) where &amp;quot;An Attack on One&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Seen&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;An Attack on All.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;International Law&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 542). The &amp;quot;Rules&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Govern&amp;quot; &amp;quot;How States Interact,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Based&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Treaties&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Custom.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neoliberal Institutionalism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Keohane). The &amp;quot;Modern Version&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Arguing&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Even Self-Interested States&amp;quot; will &amp;quot;Cooperate&amp;quot; because **&amp;quot;Institutions&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Reduce&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cheating&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Costs.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soft Power&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Joseph Nye). The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Others&amp;quot; through **&amp;quot;Attraction&amp;quot;** (Culture/Values) rather than **&amp;quot;Coercion&amp;quot;** (Military/Money).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Global Governance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ongoing Process&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Affairs&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Without&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Single World Government.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Liberalism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Inference&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Institutionalization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Democratic&amp;quot; Shield (Peace)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The People&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t Want War.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 543). Realists think &amp;quot;All States&amp;quot; act the same.&lt;br /&gt;
* **Liberals** &amp;quot;Argue&amp;quot; that **&amp;quot;Internal Politics&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Matters.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* In a **Democracy**, &amp;quot;Leaders&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Accountable&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; who &amp;quot;Pay&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Cost of War.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Therefore, &amp;quot;Democracies&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Resolve&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conflicts&amp;quot; through **&amp;quot;Debate&amp;quot;** rather than **&amp;quot;Violence.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Peace&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Internal Structure.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Invisible&amp;quot; Ties (Interdependence)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Don&amp;#039;t Shoot your Customer.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 138). When **Country A** makes the &amp;quot;Chips&amp;quot; and **Country B** makes the &amp;quot;Phones,&amp;quot; they **&amp;quot;Need Each Other.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* **Free Trade** &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Shared Interest&amp;quot; in **&amp;quot;Stability.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* If they &amp;quot;Go to War,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Both Economies&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Collapse.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The Market&amp;quot; is a **&amp;quot;Peace-Maker.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Shared&amp;quot; Rules (The UN)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; can be &amp;quot;Organized.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 677). Realists say &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;Chaos.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Liberals** say &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; can be **&amp;quot;Managed&amp;quot;** by **&amp;quot;Institutions.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* **The UN** &amp;quot;Provides&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Place&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Talk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Set Standards.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* By &amp;quot;Increasing&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Transparency&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Lowering&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Transaction Costs,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Institutions&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Make&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cooperation&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Rational Choice.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The Law&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Stability.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;McDonald&amp;#039;s Peace&amp;#039; Theory&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (Thomas Friedman). The &amp;quot;Observation&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;No Two Countries&amp;quot; with a **McDonald&amp;#039;s** had &amp;quot;Ever&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gone to War&amp;quot; with each other. It was a &amp;quot;Popular Symbol&amp;quot; of how **&amp;quot;Global Consumer Culture&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Economic Integration&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Prevents&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Cooperation Payoff&amp;#039; (Calculating &amp;#039;Gain&amp;#039; from Institutional Join):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_io_benefit(state_trust_level, trade_volume_pct_gdp, conflict_cost):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows why &amp;#039;Self-Interested&amp;#039; states join the UN.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    # Benefit = Saved Cost + New Trade - Sovereignty Loss&lt;br /&gt;
    # If Benefit &amp;gt; 0, the state will cooperate&lt;br /&gt;
    sovereignty_loss = 20&lt;br /&gt;
    benefit = (trade_volume_pct_gdp * 2.0) + (conflict_cost / (100 - state_trust_level)) - sovereignty_loss&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    if benefit &amp;gt; 0:&lt;br /&gt;
        return f&amp;quot;DECISION: COOPERATE. (Institutional gains of {round(benefit, 1)} outweigh &amp;#039;Self-Help&amp;#039; costs).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;DECISION: GO IT ALONE. (Sovereignty is too valuable, or trade is too low).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A small European state joining the EU&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_io_benefit(80, 40, 1000))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Liberal Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;League of Nations&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (1920). The &amp;quot;Failed First Attempt&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Destroyed&amp;quot; because it &amp;quot;Lacked&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Enforcement&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;US Support.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Universal Declaration of Human Rights&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (1948). The &amp;quot;Moral Compass&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Establishing&amp;quot; that **&amp;quot;Individual Rights&amp;quot;** (see Article 641) &amp;quot;Transcend&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;State Sovereignty.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;World Trade Organization&amp;#039; (WTO)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;Economic Judge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Managing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Trade Rules&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Resolving&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Disputes&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Legally.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&amp;#039; (IPCC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 589). The &amp;quot;Scientific Bridge&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Coordinating&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Knowledge&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Force&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Political Action.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Realism vs. Liberalism&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Realism (The Zero-Sum) !! Liberalism (The Positive-Sum)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Goal || &amp;quot;Security / Power (Relative Gain)&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Wealth / Peace (Absolute Gain)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| View of Anarchy || &amp;quot;Inevitably leads to war&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Can be mitigated by law&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Key Actor || &amp;quot;The State&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;States / Corporations / NGOs&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Strategy || &amp;quot;Military Strength / Deterrence&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Integration / Diplomacy / Trade&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Fight&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Contract&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Democratic Backsliding&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Threat.&amp;quot; (See Article 543). Liberals worry that if **&amp;quot;Democracy&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Fails&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Inside&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Nations,&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;International Order&amp;quot;** will &amp;quot;Collapse&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Back&amp;quot; into **&amp;quot;Realist Conflict.&amp;quot;** (The &amp;#039;Fragility of Peace&amp;#039;). &amp;quot;Global Stability&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Depends&amp;quot; on **&amp;quot;Local Liberty.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating Liberalism:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equality&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;International Institutions&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The IMF&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Favor&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Global North&amp;quot;** (see Article 645)?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;War&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why did the **&amp;quot;Democratic Peace&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Not Prevent&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Democracies&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Attacking&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Non-Democracies&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Liberal Crusade&amp;#039; problem).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Efficacy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can the **&amp;quot;UN&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Actually&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stop&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Great Power&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Invading&amp;quot; another?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Liberalism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Influence&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Marshall Plan&amp;quot;** and the **&amp;quot;Rise of China&amp;quot;** (through &amp;#039;WTO&amp;#039; entry)?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Global-Contract&amp;#039; AI-Mediator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Drafts&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Trade and Peace Treaties&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Automatically&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Balance&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Absolute Gains&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;All Sides&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Ensure&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stability.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;VR &amp;#039;Perpetual Peace&amp;#039; Assembly&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 604). A &amp;quot;Virtual assembly&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;Citizens&amp;quot; (Not States) &amp;quot;Vote&amp;quot; on **&amp;quot;Global Laws&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Directly,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Creating&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Planetary Democracy.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Interdependence&amp;#039; Blockchain&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 533). A &amp;quot;Ledger&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Tracks&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Supply Chains&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Globally,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Making&amp;quot; &amp;quot;War&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Technically Impossible&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Locking&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Shared Resources.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neural &amp;#039;Diplomacy&amp;#039; Interfaces&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 150). &amp;quot;Using&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Empathy-Induction&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Help&amp;quot; &amp;quot;World Leaders&amp;quot; &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Human Cost&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Conflict&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Directly,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ensuring&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Cooperation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geopolitics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Relations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Human Rights]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Economics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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