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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Indigenous_Knowledge_Systems</id>
	<title>Indigenous Knowledge Systems - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T17:05:02Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Indigenous Knowledge Systems</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:52:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Indigenous Knowledge Systems&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:52, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) are the &amp;quot;Deep Roots of Humanity&amp;quot;—the study of the &amp;quot;Sophisticated Knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Beliefs,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Practices&amp;quot; developed by &amp;quot;Communities&amp;quot; over thousands of years through &amp;quot;Direct Interaction&amp;quot; with their local &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Western Science&amp;quot; (see Article 496) is often &amp;quot;Universal&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Lab-based,&amp;quot; IKS is &amp;quot;Place-based,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Experiential,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Holistic.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Traditional Medicine&amp;quot; (Ethnobotany) to &amp;quot;Navigational Stars&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Climate Adaptation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Alternative Ways of Knowing.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Sustenance,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Ancient Traditions&amp;quot; are not &amp;quot;Primitive,&amp;quot; but are &amp;quot;Highly Tested&amp;quot; systems of survival that are &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; for the &amp;quot;Future of the Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) are the &amp;quot;Deep Roots of Humanity&amp;quot;—the study of the &amp;quot;Sophisticated Knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Beliefs,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Practices&amp;quot; developed by &amp;quot;Communities&amp;quot; over thousands of years through &amp;quot;Direct Interaction&amp;quot; with their local &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Western Science&amp;quot; (see Article 496) is often &amp;quot;Universal&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Lab-based,&amp;quot; IKS is &amp;quot;Place-based,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Experiential,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Holistic.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Traditional Medicine&amp;quot; (Ethnobotany) to &amp;quot;Navigational Stars&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Climate Adaptation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Alternative Ways of Knowing.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Sustenance,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Ancient Traditions&amp;quot; are not &amp;quot;Primitive,&amp;quot; but are &amp;quot;Highly Tested&amp;quot; systems of survival that are &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; for the &amp;quot;Future of the Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Indigenous Knowledge (IK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The unique, &amp;quot;Local&amp;quot; knowledge of a specific culture or society, often passed down through &amp;quot;Oral Tradition.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Indigenous Knowledge (IK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The unique, &amp;quot;Local&amp;quot; knowledge of a specific culture or society, often passed down through &amp;quot;Oral Tradition.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Cumulative Body&amp;quot; of knowledge and beliefs about the relationship of &amp;quot;Living beings&amp;quot; with their &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Cumulative Body&amp;quot; of knowledge and beliefs about the relationship of &amp;quot;Living beings&amp;quot; with their &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cultural Sovereignty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The right of a people to &amp;quot;Control their own knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;History,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cultural Sovereignty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The right of a people to &amp;quot;Control their own knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;History,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Animism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The belief that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; (Rivers, Trees, Rocks) has a &amp;quot;Spirit&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Agency,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Respectful&amp;quot; interaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Animism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The belief that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; (Rivers, Trees, Rocks) has a &amp;quot;Spirit&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Agency,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Respectful&amp;quot; interaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Indigenous knowledge is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Place&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Indigenous knowledge is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Place&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l37&quot;&gt;Line 37:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 44:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Wayfinding&amp;#039; of the Polynesians&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An example of &amp;quot;High-Level&amp;quot; IKS. Without &amp;quot;Compasses&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Maps,&amp;quot; Polynesians navigated &amp;quot;Thousands of miles&amp;quot; of open ocean using the &amp;quot;Stars,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Color of the water,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Feel of the waves&amp;quot; on the boat&amp;#039;s hull. This &amp;quot;Mental Map&amp;quot; was more &amp;quot;Accurate&amp;quot; than anything Europe had at the time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Wayfinding&amp;#039; of the Polynesians&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An example of &amp;quot;High-Level&amp;quot; IKS. Without &amp;quot;Compasses&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Maps,&amp;quot; Polynesians navigated &amp;quot;Thousands of miles&amp;quot; of open ocean using the &amp;quot;Stars,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Color of the water,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Feel of the waves&amp;quot; on the boat&amp;#039;s hull. This &amp;quot;Mental Map&amp;quot; was more &amp;quot;Accurate&amp;quot; than anything Europe had at the time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The IKS vs. Western Science&amp;#039; View (Comparing how a &amp;#039;Tree&amp;#039; is seen):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The IKS vs. Western Science&amp;#039; View (Comparing how a &amp;#039;Tree&amp;#039; is seen):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l66&quot;&gt;Line 66:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 75:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Navajo&amp;#039; Code Talkers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using the &amp;quot;Complex Structure&amp;quot; of an &amp;quot;Indigenous Language&amp;quot; as an &amp;quot;Unbreakable Code&amp;quot; during WWII, proving the &amp;quot;Cognitive Power&amp;quot; of non-Western systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Navajo&amp;#039; Code Talkers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using the &amp;quot;Complex Structure&amp;quot; of an &amp;quot;Indigenous Language&amp;quot; as an &amp;quot;Unbreakable Code&amp;quot; during WWII, proving the &amp;quot;Cognitive Power&amp;quot; of non-Western systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seed Banks&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Protecting &amp;quot;Indigenous Crops&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Blue Corn&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ancient Wheat&amp;#039;) that are &amp;quot;Naturally resistant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heat and Drought,&amp;quot; which are &amp;quot;Life-saving&amp;quot; for the future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seed Banks&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Protecting &amp;quot;Indigenous Crops&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Blue Corn&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ancient Wheat&amp;#039;) that are &amp;quot;Naturally resistant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heat and Drought,&amp;quot; which are &amp;quot;Life-saving&amp;quot; for the future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Western Science vs. IKS&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Western Science vs. IKS&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l84&quot;&gt;Line 84:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 95:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Biopiracy&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Theft of Knowledge.&amp;quot; When a &amp;quot;Scientist&amp;quot; goes to the &amp;quot;Amazon,&amp;quot; learns about a &amp;quot;Medicine&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shaman,&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;Patents the Molecule&amp;quot; in the US, who &amp;quot;Owns&amp;quot; that knowledge? IKS argues for &amp;quot;Community Rights&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Individual Patents.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Biopiracy&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Theft of Knowledge.&amp;quot; When a &amp;quot;Scientist&amp;quot; goes to the &amp;quot;Amazon,&amp;quot; learns about a &amp;quot;Medicine&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shaman,&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;Patents the Molecule&amp;quot; in the US, who &amp;quot;Owns&amp;quot; that knowledge? IKS argues for &amp;quot;Community Rights&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Individual Patents.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating indigenous knowledge systems:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating indigenous knowledge systems:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Anti-Science&amp;quot; Label&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Offensive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Dumb&amp;quot; to call IKS &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot;? (Is there &amp;quot;Only One Science,&amp;quot; or are there &amp;quot;Many ways to be scientific&amp;quot;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Anti-Science&amp;quot; Label&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Offensive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Dumb&amp;quot; to call IKS &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot;? (Is there &amp;quot;Only One Science,&amp;quot; or are there &amp;quot;Many ways to be scientific&amp;quot;?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l91&quot;&gt;Line 91:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 104:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Climate Change&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Indigenous Knowledge&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Only hope&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Saving the Planet&amp;quot;? (Do we need to &amp;#039;Un-learn&amp;#039; our industrial view?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Climate Change&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Indigenous Knowledge&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Only hope&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Saving the Planet&amp;quot;? (Do we need to &amp;#039;Un-learn&amp;#039; our industrial view?).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How can we &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; these systems if the &amp;quot;Languages&amp;quot; are dying and the &amp;quot;Land&amp;quot; is being destroyed?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How can we &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; these systems if the &amp;quot;Languages&amp;quot; are dying and the &amp;quot;Land&amp;quot; is being destroyed?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Traditional&amp;#039; Database&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Digital Library&amp;quot; owned by &amp;quot;Indigenous Tribes&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Stores their knowledge&amp;quot; securely, using &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; to ensure they are &amp;quot;Paid&amp;quot; if a company uses their data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Traditional&amp;#039; Database&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Digital Library&amp;quot; owned by &amp;quot;Indigenous Tribes&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Stores their knowledge&amp;quot; securely, using &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; to ensure they are &amp;quot;Paid&amp;quot; if a company uses their data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l104&quot;&gt;Line 104:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 119:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Environment]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Environment]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indigenous Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Indigenous Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Indigenous_Knowledge_Systems&amp;diff=1877&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Indigenous Knowledge Systems</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Indigenous_Knowledge_Systems&amp;diff=1877&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T15:47:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Indigenous Knowledge Systems&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) are the &amp;quot;Deep Roots of Humanity&amp;quot;—the study of the &amp;quot;Sophisticated Knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Beliefs,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Practices&amp;quot; developed by &amp;quot;Communities&amp;quot; over thousands of years through &amp;quot;Direct Interaction&amp;quot; with their local &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot; While &amp;quot;Western Science&amp;quot; (see Article 496) is often &amp;quot;Universal&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Lab-based,&amp;quot; IKS is &amp;quot;Place-based,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Experiential,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Holistic.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Traditional Medicine&amp;quot; (Ethnobotany) to &amp;quot;Navigational Stars&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Climate Adaptation,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Alternative Ways of Knowing.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Sustenance,&amp;quot; revealing that &amp;quot;Ancient Traditions&amp;quot; are not &amp;quot;Primitive,&amp;quot; but are &amp;quot;Highly Tested&amp;quot; systems of survival that are &amp;quot;Critical&amp;quot; for the &amp;quot;Future of the Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Indigenous Knowledge (IK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The unique, &amp;quot;Local&amp;quot; knowledge of a specific culture or society, often passed down through &amp;quot;Oral Tradition.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Cumulative Body&amp;quot; of knowledge and beliefs about the relationship of &amp;quot;Living beings&amp;quot; with their &amp;quot;Environment.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethnoecology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The study of how different groups of people &amp;quot;Categorize&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Interact with&amp;quot; their &amp;quot;Ecosystems.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethnobotany&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The study of how &amp;quot;Plants&amp;quot; are used in a particular &amp;quot;Culture&amp;quot; (for &amp;#039;Medicine,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Food,&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Spirit&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Oral Tradition&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Storage&amp;quot; of knowledge in &amp;quot;Songs,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stories,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Dances&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Books&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Computers.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Holistic View&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The belief that &amp;quot;Everything is connected&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Soil,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Animals,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Humans,&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;Ancestors&amp;#039; are one system).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Epistemology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The study of &amp;quot;How we know what we know&amp;quot; (Indigenous vs. Western).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bioprospecting&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Biopiracy) — When &amp;quot;Western Companies&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Take&amp;quot; indigenous knowledge (like a &amp;#039;Healing Plant&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Patent&amp;quot; it for profit without &amp;quot;Permission&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Sharing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cultural Sovereignty&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The right of a people to &amp;quot;Control their own knowledge,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;History,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Identity.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Animism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The belief that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; (Rivers, Trees, Rocks) has a &amp;quot;Spirit&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Agency,&amp;quot; leading to &amp;quot;Respectful&amp;quot; interaction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Indigenous knowledge is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Place&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; Knowledge (Longevity)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Western science is often only 100 years old.&lt;br /&gt;
* Indigenous knowledge is often **10,000 years old**.&lt;br /&gt;
* It has been &amp;quot;Tested&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Millions of people&amp;quot; in the &amp;quot;Same Forest&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;HUNDREDS of generations.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If a tribe says a certain &amp;quot;Bark&amp;quot; cures &amp;quot;Fever,&amp;quot; it is because it **worked** for 5,000 years, not because of one &amp;quot;Double-blind study.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It is &amp;quot;Living Science.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Holistic&amp;quot; Web (Relationality)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Western science &amp;quot;Splits&amp;quot; things up: &amp;quot;The Biologist studies the fish, the Hydrologist studies the water.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Indigenous knowledge sees the **Relation**.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The Fish is the Water.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;The Forest is the Ancestor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* By looking at the &amp;quot;Whole System,&amp;quot; indigenous cultures often find &amp;quot;Connections&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Specialized Scientists&amp;quot; miss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. Language as a &amp;quot;Museum&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Indigenous &amp;quot;Language&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;Library.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If a language &amp;quot;Dies,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Knowledge&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;Plants and Animals&amp;quot; of that land &amp;quot;Dies&amp;quot; with it.&lt;br /&gt;
* A word for a &amp;quot;Leaf&amp;quot; might also tell you &amp;quot;When it is ripe,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;How to cook it,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Where it grows.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Saving Languages&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Saving Knowledge.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Wayfinding&amp;#039; of the Polynesians&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An example of &amp;quot;High-Level&amp;quot; IKS. Without &amp;quot;Compasses&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Maps,&amp;quot; Polynesians navigated &amp;quot;Thousands of miles&amp;quot; of open ocean using the &amp;quot;Stars,&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Color of the water,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;Feel of the waves&amp;quot; on the boat&amp;#039;s hull. This &amp;quot;Mental Map&amp;quot; was more &amp;quot;Accurate&amp;quot; than anything Europe had at the time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The IKS vs. Western Science&amp;#039; View (Comparing how a &amp;#039;Tree&amp;#039; is seen):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def analyze_tree_perspective(culture_type):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows how the &amp;#039;Frame&amp;#039; changes the &amp;#039;Value&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    if culture_type == &amp;quot;Western Industrial&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        view = &amp;quot;A Resource (Board Feet of Lumber / CO2 Sequestration)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        value = &amp;quot;$ Value in Market&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif culture_type == &amp;quot;Indigenous TEK&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
        view = &amp;quot;A Relative (A Teacher / A Home for Spirits / A History Keeper)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        value = &amp;quot;Sustainance and Moral Duty&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        view = &amp;quot;A Biological Organism&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;View: {view} | Value: {value}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Comparing the two&lt;br /&gt;
print(analyze_tree_perspective(&amp;quot;Western Industrial&amp;quot;))&lt;br /&gt;
print(analyze_tree_perspective(&amp;quot;Indigenous TEK&amp;quot;))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; IKS Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&amp;#039; (IPCC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Now officially &amp;quot;Includes&amp;quot; indigenous knowledge as a &amp;quot;Major tool&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Solving Climate Change,&amp;quot; acknowledging that &amp;quot;Traditional Management&amp;quot; (e.g., &amp;#039;Controlled Fires&amp;#039;) is better than &amp;quot;Modern Firefighting.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ethnobotanical Discoveries&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Drugs like **Aspirin** (Willow bark) and **Quinine** (Cinchona tree) were &amp;quot;Discovered&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Indigenous People&amp;quot; long before they were &amp;quot;Patented&amp;quot; by Western science.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Navajo&amp;#039; Code Talkers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Using the &amp;quot;Complex Structure&amp;quot; of an &amp;quot;Indigenous Language&amp;quot; as an &amp;quot;Unbreakable Code&amp;quot; during WWII, proving the &amp;quot;Cognitive Power&amp;quot; of non-Western systems.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seed Banks&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Protecting &amp;quot;Indigenous Crops&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Blue Corn&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Ancient Wheat&amp;#039;) that are &amp;quot;Naturally resistant&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heat and Drought,&amp;quot; which are &amp;quot;Life-saving&amp;quot; for the future.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Western Science vs. IKS&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Western Science !! Indigenous Knowledge&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Focus || Universal / Abstract / General || Local / Specific / Place-based&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Transmission || Written / Formal / School || Oral / Experiential / Family&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| View of Nature || A &amp;quot;Machine&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;Controlled&amp;quot; || A &amp;quot;Family&amp;quot; to be &amp;quot;Respected&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Speed of Change || Fast (New theories replace old) || Slow (Cumulative / Ancient)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Computer&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Tree&amp;#039; with deep roots&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Biopiracy&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Theft of Knowledge.&amp;quot; When a &amp;quot;Scientist&amp;quot; goes to the &amp;quot;Amazon,&amp;quot; learns about a &amp;quot;Medicine&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shaman,&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;Patents the Molecule&amp;quot; in the US, who &amp;quot;Owns&amp;quot; that knowledge? IKS argues for &amp;quot;Community Rights&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;Individual Patents.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating indigenous knowledge systems:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;quot;Anti-Science&amp;quot; Label&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is it &amp;quot;Offensive&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Dumb&amp;quot; to call IKS &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot;? (Is there &amp;quot;Only One Science,&amp;quot; or are there &amp;quot;Many ways to be scientific&amp;quot;?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Integration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Combine&amp;quot; the two systems without &amp;quot;Destroying&amp;quot; the indigenous one? (The &amp;#039;Two-Eyed Seeing&amp;#039; approach).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Climate Change&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Indigenous Knowledge&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Only hope&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Saving the Planet&amp;quot;? (Do we need to &amp;#039;Un-learn&amp;#039; our industrial view?).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Survival&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How can we &amp;quot;Protect&amp;quot; these systems if the &amp;quot;Languages&amp;quot; are dying and the &amp;quot;Land&amp;quot; is being destroyed?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Traditional&amp;#039; Database&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Digital Library&amp;quot; owned by &amp;quot;Indigenous Tribes&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Stores their knowledge&amp;quot; securely, using &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; to ensure they are &amp;quot;Paid&amp;quot; if a company uses their data.&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;TEK Management Systems&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Putting &amp;quot;Indigenous Leaders&amp;quot; in charge of &amp;quot;National Parks,&amp;quot; using &amp;quot;Ancient Methods&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Heal the soil and water.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cross-Epistemic Schools&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A new type of &amp;quot;University&amp;quot; where students &amp;quot;Learn Physics in the morning&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Tracking and Herbs in the afternoon,&amp;quot; creating &amp;quot;Complete Humans.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Climate-Ready Agriculture&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Re-planting &amp;quot;Indigenous Gardens&amp;quot; that are &amp;quot;Natural Bio-diversities,&amp;quot; replacing &amp;quot;Single-Crop Farms&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Sustainable Ecosystems.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anthropology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Environment]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indigenous Studies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>