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	<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Green_Infrastructure</id>
	<title>Green Infrastructure - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T16:17:57Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Green_Infrastructure&amp;diff=4212&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Green Infrastructure</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Green_Infrastructure&amp;diff=4212&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T01:52:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Green Infrastructure&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:52, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Green Infrastructure is the &amp;quot;Study of the Living City&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Replace&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Augment&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; (Concrete, Pipes, Walls) with &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (Trees, Wetlands, Soil). While &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Fixed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Brittle,&amp;quot; **Green Infrastructure** is &amp;quot;Flexible&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Regenerative.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Bioswales&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filter Rainwater&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Green Roofs&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Cool Buildings&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Permeable Pavement&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Lets the Earth Breathe,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Biological Engineering&amp;quot; of our world. It is the science of &amp;quot;Resilience,&amp;quot; explaining why a &amp;quot;Marsh&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Better&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;Stopping a Flood&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Concrete Wall.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Green Infrastructure is the &amp;quot;Study of the Living City&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Replace&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Augment&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; (Concrete, Pipes, Walls) with &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (Trees, Wetlands, Soil). While &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Fixed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Brittle,&amp;quot; **Green Infrastructure** is &amp;quot;Flexible&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Regenerative.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Bioswales&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filter Rainwater&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Green Roofs&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Cool Buildings&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Permeable Pavement&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Lets the Earth Breathe,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Biological Engineering&amp;quot; of our world. It is the science of &amp;quot;Resilience,&amp;quot; explaining why a &amp;quot;Marsh&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Better&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;Stopping a Flood&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Concrete Wall.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Green Infrastructure (GI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Network&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Natural and Semi-Natural Areas&amp;quot; designed to &amp;quot;Manage Water,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Provide Habitat,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cool the City.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Green Infrastructure (GI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Network&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Natural and Semi-Natural Areas&amp;quot; designed to &amp;quot;Manage Water,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Provide Habitat,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cool the City.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gray Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Traditional&amp;quot; human-built systems: **Concrete Pipes**, **Steel Drains**, **Stone Dams**.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gray Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Traditional&amp;quot; human-built systems: **Concrete Pipes**, **Steel Drains**, **Stone Dams**.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ecosystem Services&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Free Benefits&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; provides to humans (e.g., &amp;#039;Pollination,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Water Purification,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Flood Control&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ecosystem Services&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Free Benefits&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; provides to humans (e.g., &amp;#039;Pollination,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Water Purification,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Flood Control&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; of a city to &amp;quot;Recover&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shock&amp;quot; (like a &amp;#039;Hurricane&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Heatwave&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; of a city to &amp;quot;Recover&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shock&amp;quot; (like a &amp;#039;Hurricane&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Heatwave&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Green infrastructure is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Filtration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Green infrastructure is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Filtration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l45&quot;&gt;Line 45:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;High Line&amp;#039; (NYC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An old &amp;quot;Industrial Rail Line&amp;quot; that was &amp;quot;Turned into a Park.&amp;quot; It is a &amp;quot;Symbol&amp;quot; of green infrastructure: &amp;quot;Repurposing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Gray Past&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Green Future.&amp;quot; It &amp;quot;Transformed&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Dying Neighborhood&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Global Destination,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Good for Business.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;High Line&amp;#039; (NYC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An old &amp;quot;Industrial Rail Line&amp;quot; that was &amp;quot;Turned into a Park.&amp;quot; It is a &amp;quot;Symbol&amp;quot; of green infrastructure: &amp;quot;Repurposing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Gray Past&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Green Future.&amp;quot; It &amp;quot;Transformed&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Dying Neighborhood&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Global Destination,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Good for Business.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Runoff Reduction&amp;#039; (Predicting how much &amp;#039;Flood Water&amp;#039; a green roof saves):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Runoff Reduction&amp;#039; (Predicting how much &amp;#039;Flood Water&amp;#039; a green roof saves):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l74&quot;&gt;Line 74:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 83:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Chicago’s &amp;#039;Green Roof&amp;#039; Initiative&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Chicago has &amp;quot;More Green Roof Area&amp;quot; than almost any US city, a &amp;quot;Shield&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;Heat and Floods.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Chicago’s &amp;#039;Green Roof&amp;#039; Initiative&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Chicago has &amp;quot;More Green Roof Area&amp;quot; than almost any US city, a &amp;quot;Shield&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;Heat and Floods.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Living&amp;#039; breakwaters (Staten Island)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Artificial Reefs&amp;quot; made of &amp;quot;Concrete and Oyster Shells&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Break the Waves&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Protect the Coast&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Storm Surge.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Living&amp;#039; breakwaters (Staten Island)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Artificial Reefs&amp;quot; made of &amp;quot;Concrete and Oyster Shells&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Break the Waves&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Protect the Coast&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Storm Surge.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Gray vs. Green Infrastructure&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Gray vs. Green Infrastructure&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l92&quot;&gt;Line 92:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 103:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (NbS)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Shift.&amp;quot; For 100 years, we &amp;quot;Fought Nature&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Stone Walls.&amp;quot; Now, we are &amp;quot;Inviting Nature&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do the Work&amp;quot; for us. &amp;quot;Green Infrastructure&amp;quot; is not a &amp;quot;Luxury&amp;quot;—it is a &amp;quot;Smarter, Cheaper Technology&amp;quot; for a &amp;quot;Changing Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (NbS)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Shift.&amp;quot; For 100 years, we &amp;quot;Fought Nature&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Stone Walls.&amp;quot; Now, we are &amp;quot;Inviting Nature&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do the Work&amp;quot; for us. &amp;quot;Green Infrastructure&amp;quot; is not a &amp;quot;Luxury&amp;quot;—it is a &amp;quot;Smarter, Cheaper Technology&amp;quot; for a &amp;quot;Changing Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating green infrastructure:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating green infrastructure:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Maintenance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Mowing a Bioswale&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Watering a Green Roof&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Harder&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Fixing a Pipe&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Maintenance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Mowing a Bioswale&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Watering a Green Roof&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Harder&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Fixing a Pipe&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l99&quot;&gt;Line 99:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 112:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gentrifcation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Adding a Park&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Raise Rents&amp;quot; so much that the &amp;quot;Poor People&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Pushed Out&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Green Gentrification&amp;#039; problem).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gentrifcation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Adding a Park&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Raise Rents&amp;quot; so much that the &amp;quot;Poor People&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Pushed Out&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Green Gentrification&amp;#039; problem).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Reliability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Wetland&amp;quot; to save a city from a &amp;quot;1-in-100 Year Hurricane&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Reliability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Wetland&amp;quot; to save a city from a &amp;quot;1-in-100 Year Hurricane&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Permeable&amp;#039; Smart-Street&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A street made of &amp;quot;3D-Printed Porous Carbon&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filters Micro-plastics&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Stores Energy&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Sun.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Permeable&amp;#039; Smart-Street&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A street made of &amp;quot;3D-Printed Porous Carbon&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filters Micro-plastics&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Stores Energy&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Sun.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l114&quot;&gt;Line 114:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 129:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Ecology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Ecology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Civil Engineering]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Civil Engineering]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key mediawiki:diff:1.41:old-1955:rev-4212:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Green_Infrastructure&amp;diff=1955&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Green Infrastructure</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Green_Infrastructure&amp;diff=1955&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T16:40:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Green Infrastructure&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Green Infrastructure is the &amp;quot;Study of the Living City&amp;quot;—the investigation of how to &amp;quot;Replace&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Augment&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; (Concrete, Pipes, Walls) with &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (Trees, Wetlands, Soil). While &amp;quot;Gray Infrastructure&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Fixed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Brittle,&amp;quot; **Green Infrastructure** is &amp;quot;Flexible&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Regenerative.&amp;quot; From &amp;quot;Bioswales&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filter Rainwater&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Green Roofs&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Cool Buildings&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Permeable Pavement&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Lets the Earth Breathe,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Biological Engineering&amp;quot; of our world. It is the science of &amp;quot;Resilience,&amp;quot; explaining why a &amp;quot;Marsh&amp;quot; is often &amp;quot;Better&amp;quot; at &amp;quot;Stopping a Flood&amp;quot; than a &amp;quot;Concrete Wall.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Green Infrastructure (GI)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Network&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Natural and Semi-Natural Areas&amp;quot; designed to &amp;quot;Manage Water,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Provide Habitat,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cool the City.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gray Infrastructure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Traditional&amp;quot; human-built systems: **Concrete Pipes**, **Steel Drains**, **Stone Dams**.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bioswale&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Channel&amp;quot; filled with &amp;quot;Plants and Rocks&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Slows Down&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Filters&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Stormwater Runoff&amp;quot; from the street.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Green Roof&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Ecoroof) — A roof &amp;quot;Covered in Vegetation&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Absorbs Rainwater&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Insulates&amp;quot; the building.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Permeable Pavement&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — Paving materials that &amp;quot;Allow Water&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Soak Through&amp;quot; into the soil below, rather than &amp;quot;Pooling&amp;quot; on top.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Rain Garden&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Depression&amp;quot; in the land that &amp;quot;Collects Rainwater&amp;quot; from a roof or street and &amp;quot;Lets it soak in&amp;quot; slowly.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Retention Pond&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — A &amp;quot;Permanent Pool&amp;quot; designed to &amp;quot;Hold Water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Release it slowly&amp;quot; to prevent downstream flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Urban Forest&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Total Collection&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;Trees&amp;quot; in a city: they &amp;quot;Filter the Air,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Provide Shade,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Capture Carbon.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ecosystem Services&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Free Benefits&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; provides to humans (e.g., &amp;#039;Pollination,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Water Purification,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Flood Control&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Resilience&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Ability&amp;quot; of a city to &amp;quot;Recover&amp;quot; from a &amp;quot;Shock&amp;quot; (like a &amp;#039;Hurricane&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Heatwave&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Green infrastructure is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Absorption&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Filtration&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Sponge&amp;quot; (Absorption)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Gray&amp;quot; cities are &amp;quot;Slick.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* When &amp;quot;Rain&amp;quot; hits &amp;quot;Concrete,&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Runs Off&amp;quot; instantly.&lt;br /&gt;
* This &amp;quot;Overwhelms the Pipes&amp;quot; and causes **Floods**.&lt;br /&gt;
* **Green Infrastructure** turns the city into a **&amp;quot;Sponge.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* A &amp;quot;Green Roof&amp;quot; can &amp;quot;Hold 70%&amp;quot; of the rain that falls on it.&lt;br /&gt;
* A &amp;quot;Bioswale&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Drinks the Water&amp;quot; so the &amp;quot;Pipes&amp;quot; don&amp;#039;t have to.&lt;br /&gt;
* The city &amp;quot;Manages the Water&amp;quot; where it &amp;quot;Falls.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Kidney&amp;quot; (Filtration)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
Rainwater on a &amp;quot;Street&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Dirty&amp;quot; (Oil, Lead, Trash).&lt;br /&gt;
* If it goes into a &amp;quot;Pipe,&amp;quot; it goes &amp;quot;Directly into the River.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If it goes into a **Bioswale**, the &amp;quot;Soil and Plants&amp;quot; act as a **&amp;quot;Kidney.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Bacteria&amp;quot; in the soil &amp;quot;Eat the Oil.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Plants&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Suck up the Nitrogen and Lead.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* The &amp;quot;Water&amp;quot; that reaches the &amp;quot;Underground Aquifer&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Clean.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Multi-Tasker&amp;quot; (Co-Benefits)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Gray&amp;quot; pipes only do &amp;quot;One Thing&amp;quot; (Move Water).&lt;br /&gt;
* **Green Infrastructure** does **Ten Things**.&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Cools the Air&amp;quot; (see Article 537).&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Provides a Park&amp;quot; for people to sit in.&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Provides a Home&amp;quot; for birds and bees (see Article 539).&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Increases Property Value.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Captures CO2.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* It is &amp;quot;Infrastructure&amp;quot; that is &amp;quot;Beautiful.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;High Line&amp;#039; (NYC)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: An old &amp;quot;Industrial Rail Line&amp;quot; that was &amp;quot;Turned into a Park.&amp;quot; It is a &amp;quot;Symbol&amp;quot; of green infrastructure: &amp;quot;Repurposing&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Gray Past&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Green Future.&amp;quot; It &amp;quot;Transformed&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Dying Neighborhood&amp;quot; into a &amp;quot;Global Destination,&amp;quot; proving that &amp;quot;Nature&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Good for Business.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Runoff Reduction&amp;#039; (Predicting how much &amp;#039;Flood Water&amp;#039; a green roof saves):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def calculate_runoff_savings(area_m2, rainfall_mm, is_green_roof):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows the &amp;#039;Sponge&amp;#039; power of nature.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    total_water_liters = area_m2 * rainfall_mm&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    if is_green_roof:&lt;br /&gt;
        # Green roofs absorb ~70% of the water&lt;br /&gt;
        runoff_liters = total_water_liters * 0.3&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        # Concrete roofs absorb ~5%&lt;br /&gt;
        runoff_liters = total_water_liters * 0.95&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
    return f&amp;quot;TOTAL RAIN: {total_water_liters}L | RUNOFF INTO SEWERS: {round(runoff_liters)}L.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: A 100m2 roof in a 50mm storm&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_runoff_savings(100, 50, False))&lt;br /&gt;
print(calculate_runoff_savings(100, 50, True))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; GI Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Sponge Cities&amp;#039; (China)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → A &amp;quot;National Goal&amp;quot; to make &amp;quot;80% of Cities&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Absorb and Reuse&amp;quot; &amp;quot;70% of their Rainwater&amp;quot; by 2030 using green infrastructure.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Portland, Oregon&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → The &amp;quot;World Leader&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Green Streets&amp;quot;: they have &amp;quot;Thousands of Bioswales&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Save Millions&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Sewer Upgrade&amp;quot; costs.&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Chicago’s &amp;#039;Green Roof&amp;#039; Initiative&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → Chicago has &amp;quot;More Green Roof Area&amp;quot; than almost any US city, a &amp;quot;Shield&amp;quot; against &amp;quot;Heat and Floods.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Living&amp;#039; breakwaters (Staten Island)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → &amp;quot;Artificial Reefs&amp;quot; made of &amp;quot;Concrete and Oyster Shells&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Break the Waves&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Protect the Coast&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;Storm Surge.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Gray vs. Green Infrastructure&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Gray (The Pipe) !! Green (The Bioswale)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Material || &amp;quot;Abiotic&amp;quot; (Concrete/Steel) || &amp;quot;Biotic&amp;quot; (Plants/Soil)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Life Span || &amp;quot;Decreases&amp;quot; (Cracks/Rusts) || &amp;quot;Increases&amp;quot; (Grows/Reproduces)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Function || &amp;quot;Single-Purpose&amp;quot; (Drainage) || &amp;quot;Multi-Purpose&amp;quot; (Air/Water/Beauty)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Adaptation || &amp;quot;Static&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Dynamic&amp;quot; (Can handle &amp;#039;Extreme&amp;#039; events better)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Straw&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Sponge&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Nature-Based Solutions&amp;quot; (NbS)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Shift.&amp;quot; For 100 years, we &amp;quot;Fought Nature&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Stone Walls.&amp;quot; Now, we are &amp;quot;Inviting Nature&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Do the Work&amp;quot; for us. &amp;quot;Green Infrastructure&amp;quot; is not a &amp;quot;Luxury&amp;quot;—it is a &amp;quot;Smarter, Cheaper Technology&amp;quot; for a &amp;quot;Changing Planet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating green infrastructure:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Maintenance&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Is &amp;quot;Mowing a Bioswale&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Watering a Green Roof&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Harder&amp;quot; than &amp;quot;Fixing a Pipe&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pests&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Do &amp;quot;Green Spaces&amp;quot; bring &amp;quot;Mosquitoes and Rats&amp;quot; into the city? (The &amp;#039;Bad&amp;#039; part of nature).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gentrifcation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Adding a Park&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Raise Rents&amp;quot; so much that the &amp;quot;Poor People&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Pushed Out&amp;quot;? (The &amp;#039;Green Gentrification&amp;#039; problem).&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Reliability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Can we &amp;quot;Trust&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Wetland&amp;quot; to save a city from a &amp;quot;1-in-100 Year Hurricane&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Permeable&amp;#039; Smart-Street&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A street made of &amp;quot;3D-Printed Porous Carbon&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Filters Micro-plastics&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Stores Energy&amp;quot; from the &amp;quot;Sun.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Personal &amp;#039;Rain-Harvester&amp;#039; Houses&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Houses where &amp;quot;Every Drop of Water&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Caught&amp;quot; by &amp;quot;Green Walls&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Used&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Toilets and Gardens,&amp;quot; disconnecting from the &amp;quot;City Grid.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;AI &amp;#039;Bio-Infrastructure&amp;#039; Monitors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: &amp;quot;Sensors&amp;quot; in the &amp;quot;Soil&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Alert&amp;quot; the city if the &amp;quot;Green Roof&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Thirsty&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Bioswale&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Full.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Vertical&amp;#039; Marsh&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Skyscraper&amp;quot; designed to act as a &amp;quot;Giant Water Filter&amp;quot; for the &amp;quot;Neighborhood,&amp;quot; turning &amp;quot;Gray Water&amp;quot; into &amp;quot;Green Life.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Environment]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geography]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Urban Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sustainability]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ecology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Civil Engineering]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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