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	<title>Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-25T01:49:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:49, 25 April 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #4B0082; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics is the &amp;quot;Study of the Meaning&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~1990s–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is not just about &amp;quot;Brute Power&amp;quot; (Realism) or &amp;quot;Material Interest&amp;quot; (Liberalism) but about **&amp;quot;Shared Ideas,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Identity,&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Social Norms.&amp;quot;** While other theories &amp;quot;Assume&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Always&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Know what they Want,&amp;quot; **Constructivism** &amp;quot;Asks&amp;quot; &amp;quot;How&amp;quot; &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Became&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Who they are.&amp;quot; From **Alexander Wendt’s** &amp;quot;Anarchy is What States Make of It&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;International Norms&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cultural Identity,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Sociology of the World.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Expectation,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;500 British Nukes&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Less Scary&amp;quot; to the US than &amp;quot;5 North Korean Nukes&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;World.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics is the &amp;quot;Study of the Meaning&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~1990s–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is not just about &amp;quot;Brute Power&amp;quot; (Realism) or &amp;quot;Material Interest&amp;quot; (Liberalism) but about **&amp;quot;Shared Ideas,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Identity,&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Social Norms.&amp;quot;** While other theories &amp;quot;Assume&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Always&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Know what they Want,&amp;quot; **Constructivism** &amp;quot;Asks&amp;quot; &amp;quot;How&amp;quot; &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Became&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Who they are.&amp;quot; From **Alexander Wendt’s** &amp;quot;Anarchy is What States Make of It&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;International Norms&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cultural Identity,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Sociology of the World.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Expectation,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;500 British Nukes&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Less Scary&amp;quot; to the US than &amp;quot;5 North Korean Nukes&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;World.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Remembering ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #000080; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Remembering&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Constructivism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Socially Constructed&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Shared Meaning.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Constructivism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Socially Constructed&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Shared Meaning.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Alexander Wendt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Key Thinker&amp;quot;: who &amp;quot;Argued&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Material Facts&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Guns&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Only have Meaning&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Social Context.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Alexander Wendt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Key Thinker&amp;quot;: who &amp;quot;Argued&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Material Facts&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Guns&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Only have Meaning&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Social Context.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Intersubjectivity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Knowledge&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Exists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Between&amp;quot; minds (e.g. &amp;#039;The Value of a Dollar&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;The Meaning of a Border&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Intersubjectivity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Knowledge&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Exists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Between&amp;quot; minds (e.g. &amp;#039;The Value of a Dollar&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;The Meaning of a Border&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Norm Entrepreneurs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Individuals or Groups&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The Red Cross&amp;#039;) who &amp;quot;Work&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Beliefs&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Ending Slavery&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Banning Landmines&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Norm Entrepreneurs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Individuals or Groups&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The Red Cross&amp;#039;) who &amp;quot;Work&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Beliefs&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Ending Slavery&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Banning Landmines&amp;#039;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Understanding ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Understanding&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Constructivism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Perception&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Socialization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Constructivism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Perception&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Socialization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Gorbachev&amp;#039; Transformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Master Example.&amp;quot; Constructivists argue the **Cold War** &amp;quot;Ended&amp;quot; not because the &amp;quot;USSR Ran Out of Money&amp;quot; (Realism), but because **Gorbachev** &amp;quot;Changed&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Identity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Soviet Union,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ending&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Belief&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Dissolve&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Iron Curtains.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Gorbachev&amp;#039; Transformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Master Example.&amp;quot; Constructivists argue the **Cold War** &amp;quot;Ended&amp;quot; not because the &amp;quot;USSR Ran Out of Money&amp;quot; (Realism), but because **Gorbachev** &amp;quot;Changed&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Identity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Soviet Union,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ending&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Belief&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Dissolve&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Iron Curtains.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Applying ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Applying&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Norm Lifecycle&amp;#039; (Predicting &amp;#039;Global Change&amp;#039; from &amp;#039;Emergence&amp;#039; to &amp;#039;Cascade&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Norm Lifecycle&amp;#039; (Predicting &amp;#039;Global Change&amp;#039; from &amp;#039;Emergence&amp;#039; to &amp;#039;Cascade&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l67&quot;&gt;Line 67:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 76:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Imagined Communities&amp;#039; by Benedict Anderson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 676). The &amp;quot;Root&amp;quot; of the idea that **&amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot;** are &amp;quot;Constructed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Socially.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Imagined Communities&amp;#039; by Benedict Anderson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 676). The &amp;quot;Root&amp;quot; of the idea that **&amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot;** are &amp;quot;Constructed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Socially.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Banning&amp;#039; of Landmines&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Jody Williams). A &amp;quot;Classic&amp;quot; example of a **&amp;quot;Norm Entrepreneur&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Policy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Through&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Moral Pressure&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Celebrity Action.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Banning&amp;#039; of Landmines&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Jody Williams). A &amp;quot;Classic&amp;quot; example of a **&amp;quot;Norm Entrepreneur&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Policy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Through&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Moral Pressure&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Celebrity Action.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Analyzing ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #8B4500; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Analyzing&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Materialism vs. Constructivism&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|+ Materialism vs. Constructivism&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l85&quot;&gt;Line 85:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 96:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Need.&amp;quot; (See Article 130). States don&amp;#039;t just want &amp;quot;Physical Security&amp;quot;; they want **&amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;** (Security of the &amp;#039;Self&amp;#039;). They &amp;quot;Need&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Feel&amp;quot; that their **&amp;quot;Narrative&amp;quot;** (see Article 669) about &amp;quot;Who they are&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Consistent&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Respected.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Explains&amp;quot; why states &amp;quot;Fight&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Symbolic Recognition&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Even If&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Has No Material Value.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Pride&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;National Interest.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Need.&amp;quot; (See Article 130). States don&amp;#039;t just want &amp;quot;Physical Security&amp;quot;; they want **&amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;** (Security of the &amp;#039;Self&amp;#039;). They &amp;quot;Need&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Feel&amp;quot; that their **&amp;quot;Narrative&amp;quot;** (see Article 669) about &amp;quot;Who they are&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Consistent&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Respected.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Explains&amp;quot; why states &amp;quot;Fight&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Symbolic Recognition&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Even If&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Has No Material Value.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Pride&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;National Interest.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Evaluating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #483D8B; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Evaluating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Constructivism:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evaluating Constructivism:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relativism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Everything is Constructed,&amp;quot; is there &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Objective Truth&amp;quot;** (see Article 111) in Geopolitics?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relativism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Everything is Constructed,&amp;quot; is there &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Objective Truth&amp;quot;** (see Article 111) in Geopolitics?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l92&quot;&gt;Line 92:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 105:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why are some &amp;quot;Identities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Ethnic Hatred&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;So Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deconstruct&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why are some &amp;quot;Identities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Ethnic Hatred&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;So Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deconstruct&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Constructivism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Explain&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Rise of the **European Union**&amp;quot; as a &amp;quot;New Identity&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Constructivism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Explain&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Rise of the **European Union**&amp;quot; as a &amp;quot;New Identity&amp;quot;?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Creating ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;div style&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;background-color: #2F4F4F; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;Creating&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Future Frontiers:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Norm&amp;#039; Seed AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Identifies&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;New Positive Norms&amp;quot;** (e.g. &amp;#039;Space Sustainability&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Calculates&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Most Effective Way&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Start&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Global Cascade.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Norm&amp;#039; Seed AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Identifies&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;New Positive Norms&amp;quot;** (e.g. &amp;#039;Space Sustainability&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Calculates&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Most Effective Way&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Start&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Global Cascade.&amp;quot;**&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l111&quot;&gt;Line 111:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 126:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Anthropology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Anthropology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Constructivism_and_Identity_in_Geopolitics&amp;diff=2232&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wordpad: BloomWiki: Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://bloomwiki.org/index.php?title=Constructivism_and_Identity_in_Geopolitics&amp;diff=2232&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T17:34:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BloomWiki: Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{BloomIntro}}&lt;br /&gt;
Constructivism and Identity in Geopolitics is the &amp;quot;Study of the Meaning&amp;quot;—the investigation of the &amp;quot;Geopolitical Theory&amp;quot; (~1990s–Present) that &amp;quot;Argues&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is not just about &amp;quot;Brute Power&amp;quot; (Realism) or &amp;quot;Material Interest&amp;quot; (Liberalism) but about **&amp;quot;Shared Ideas,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Identity,&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Social Norms.&amp;quot;** While other theories &amp;quot;Assume&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Always&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Know what they Want,&amp;quot; **Constructivism** &amp;quot;Asks&amp;quot; &amp;quot;How&amp;quot; &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Became&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Who they are.&amp;quot; From **Alexander Wendt’s** &amp;quot;Anarchy is What States Make of It&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;International Norms&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cultural Identity,&amp;quot; this field explores the &amp;quot;Sociology of the World.&amp;quot; It is the science of &amp;quot;Expectation,&amp;quot; explaining why &amp;quot;500 British Nukes&amp;quot; are &amp;quot;Less Scary&amp;quot; to the US than &amp;quot;5 North Korean Nukes&amp;quot;—and how &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;World.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Remembering ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Constructivism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Theory&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;International Relations&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Socially Constructed&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Interaction&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Shared Meaning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Alexander Wendt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Key Thinker&amp;quot;: who &amp;quot;Argued&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Material Facts&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Guns&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Only have Meaning&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Social Context.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Social Construction&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (See Article 630). The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;People&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Reality&amp;quot; through &amp;quot;Shared Beliefs&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Habits.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Norms&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Standard Expectations&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;How States Should Behave&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;The Taboo against Nuclear Weapons&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Identity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Self-Perception&amp;quot; of a state (e.g. &amp;#039;A Great Power,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;A Human Rights Leader,&amp;#039; &amp;#039;A Revolutionary State&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Logic of Appropriateness&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (March/Olsen). The &amp;quot;Idea&amp;quot; that states &amp;quot;Act&amp;quot; based on **&amp;quot;What is Right for my Identity&amp;quot;** rather than **&amp;quot;What is Best for my Profit&amp;quot;** (Logic of Consequences).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutual Constitution&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — The &amp;quot;Idea&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Create&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;System,&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;System&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Creates&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;States.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Securitization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — (Copenhagen School). The &amp;quot;Process&amp;quot; where a &amp;quot;Topic&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Immigration&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Climate&amp;#039;) is &amp;quot;Named&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Security Threat,&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Allowing&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Extreme Actions.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Intersubjectivity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Knowledge&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Exists&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Between&amp;quot; minds (e.g. &amp;#039;The Value of a Dollar&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;The Meaning of a Border&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Norm Entrepreneurs&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; — &amp;quot;Individuals or Groups&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;The Red Cross&amp;#039;) who &amp;quot;Work&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Change&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Beliefs&amp;quot; (e.g. &amp;#039;Ending Slavery&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;Banning Landmines&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Understanding ==&lt;br /&gt;
Constructivism is understood through &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Perception&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Socialization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1. The &amp;quot;Social&amp;quot; Anarchy (Context)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Anarchy is What States Make of It.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 677). Realists say &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Forces&amp;quot; everyone to be &amp;quot;Enemies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Wendt** &amp;quot;Argued&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Anarchy&amp;quot; can be a **&amp;quot;World of Friends,&amp;quot;** a **&amp;quot;World of Rivals,&amp;quot;** or a **&amp;quot;World of Enemies.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* It &amp;quot;Depends&amp;quot; on the **&amp;quot;History of Interaction.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 671). The &amp;quot;Nukes&amp;quot; themselves don&amp;#039;t &amp;quot;Cause&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Fear&amp;quot;; the **&amp;quot;Meaning&amp;quot;** we &amp;quot;Attach&amp;quot; to the &amp;quot;Country&amp;quot; that has them &amp;quot;Does.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The World&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Plastic.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;2. The &amp;quot;Role&amp;quot; of the State (Identity)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Who Am I?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 676). A &amp;quot;State&amp;#039;s&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Identity&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Determines&amp;quot; its &amp;quot;Interests.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If a state &amp;quot;Identifies&amp;quot; as a **&amp;quot;Neutral Mediator&amp;quot;** (like &amp;#039;Switzerland&amp;#039;), it &amp;quot;Will Not&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Seek&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Empire,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Even If&amp;quot; it is &amp;quot;Strong.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* If a state &amp;quot;Identifies&amp;quot; as a **&amp;quot;Global Policeman,&amp;quot;** it &amp;quot;Will&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Intervene&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Everywhere,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Even If&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Hurts&amp;quot; its &amp;quot;Economy.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Action&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Performance of Identity.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;3. The &amp;quot;Power&amp;quot; of the Taboo (Norms)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Logic&amp;quot; over &amp;quot;Strength.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* (See Article 122). Why &amp;quot;Hasn&amp;#039;t&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Nuclear Weapon&amp;quot;** been &amp;quot;Used&amp;quot; since **1945**?&lt;br /&gt;
* It&amp;#039;s not just &amp;quot;Fear of Retaliation&amp;quot;; it&amp;#039;s the **&amp;quot;Nuclear Taboo.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Using&amp;quot; them has become **&amp;quot;Socially Unthinkable&amp;quot;** for a &amp;quot;Civilized State.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* **Norms** &amp;quot;Act&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;Invisible Walls&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Limit&amp;quot; what &amp;quot;States&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Even Imagine&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Doing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Shame&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;Geopolitical Force.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Gorbachev&amp;#039; Transformation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: A &amp;quot;Master Example.&amp;quot; Constructivists argue the **Cold War** &amp;quot;Ended&amp;quot; not because the &amp;quot;USSR Ran Out of Money&amp;quot; (Realism), but because **Gorbachev** &amp;quot;Changed&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot;** and **&amp;quot;Identity&amp;quot;** of the &amp;quot;Soviet Union,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Ending&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Belief&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Conflict.&amp;quot; It proved that &amp;quot;Ideas&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Can&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Dissolve&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Iron Curtains.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Applying ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Modeling &amp;#039;The Norm Lifecycle&amp;#039; (Predicting &amp;#039;Global Change&amp;#039; from &amp;#039;Emergence&amp;#039; to &amp;#039;Cascade&amp;#039;):&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
def analyze_norm_strength(adoption_pct_states, institutional_backing_level):&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    Shows how &amp;#039;Ideas&amp;#039; become &amp;#039;Laws&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;quot;&amp;quot;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    if adoption_pct_states &amp;lt; 20:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;STAGE: EMERGENCE. (Idea is &amp;#039;Radical&amp;#039;. Norm Entrepreneurs are active).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif adoption_pct_states &amp;gt; 60 and institutional_backing_level &amp;gt; 7:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;STAGE: CASCADE. (The &amp;#039;Tipping Point&amp;#039;. States adopt it to &amp;#039;Avoid Shame&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;Look Modern&amp;#039;).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    elif adoption_pct_states &amp;gt; 95:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;STAGE: INTERNALIZATION. (The norm is &amp;#039;Taken for Granted&amp;#039;. It is &amp;#039;Invisible&amp;#039;).&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    else:&lt;br /&gt;
        return &amp;quot;STAGE: COMPETITION.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Case: The &amp;#039;Right to Intervene&amp;#039; for Human Rights (R2P)&lt;br /&gt;
print(analyze_norm_strength(70, 8))&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/syntaxhighlight&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Constructivist Landmarks&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Copenhagen School&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 678). &amp;quot;Focusing&amp;quot; on &amp;quot;Language&amp;quot;: how &amp;quot;Politicians&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Securitize&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Problems&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Gain&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Emergency Power.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;English School&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (International Society) → The &amp;quot;Middle Ground&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Arguing&amp;quot; that states &amp;quot;Form&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Society&amp;quot;** with &amp;quot;Shared Values&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Diplomacy&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;Even Without&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;Government.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;Imagined Communities&amp;#039; by Benedict Anderson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (See Article 676). The &amp;quot;Root&amp;quot; of the idea that **&amp;quot;Nations&amp;quot;** are &amp;quot;Constructed&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Socially.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Banning&amp;#039; of Landmines&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; → (Jody Williams). A &amp;quot;Classic&amp;quot; example of a **&amp;quot;Norm Entrepreneur&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Changing&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Global Policy&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Through&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Moral Pressure&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Celebrity Action.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Analyzing ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Materialism vs. Constructivism&lt;br /&gt;
! Feature !! Materialism (Realism/Liberalism) !! Constructivism (The Social)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Source of Reality || &amp;quot;Physical Facts (Guns / Money)&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Shared Ideas / Identity / Norms&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| View of Anarchy || &amp;quot;A Material Constraint&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;A Social Construction&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| State Interest || &amp;quot;Fixed / Natural (Survival/Wealth)&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Fluid / Cultural (Based on &amp;#039;Who we are&amp;#039;)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Change || &amp;quot;Slow / Hard (Needs power shift)&amp;quot; || &amp;quot;Fast / Possible (Through new ideas)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Analogy || A &amp;#039;Billiard Table&amp;#039; || A &amp;#039;Conversation&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Concept of &amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Analyzing &amp;quot;The Need.&amp;quot; (See Article 130). States don&amp;#039;t just want &amp;quot;Physical Security&amp;quot;; they want **&amp;quot;Ontological Security&amp;quot;** (Security of the &amp;#039;Self&amp;#039;). They &amp;quot;Need&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Feel&amp;quot; that their **&amp;quot;Narrative&amp;quot;** (see Article 669) about &amp;quot;Who they are&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Consistent&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Respected.&amp;quot; This &amp;quot;Explains&amp;quot; why states &amp;quot;Fight&amp;quot; for **&amp;quot;Symbolic Recognition&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Even If&amp;quot; it &amp;quot;Has No Material Value.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Pride&amp;quot; is **&amp;quot;National Interest.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Evaluating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Evaluating Constructivism:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Relativism&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: If &amp;quot;Everything is Constructed,&amp;quot; is there &amp;quot;Any&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;Objective Truth&amp;quot;** (see Article 111) in Geopolitics?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Power&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Does &amp;quot;Constructivism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Underestimate&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Raw Force&amp;quot;** of &amp;quot;Bullets and Hunger&amp;quot; (Realism)?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Why are some &amp;quot;Identities&amp;quot; (like &amp;#039;Ethnic Hatred&amp;#039;) &amp;quot;So Hard&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Deconstruct&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Impact&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: How did &amp;quot;Constructivism&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Explain&amp;quot; the &amp;quot;Rise of the **European Union**&amp;quot; as a &amp;quot;New Identity&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Creating ==&lt;br /&gt;
Future Frontiers:&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Norm&amp;#039; Seed AI&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 08). An AI that &amp;quot;Identifies&amp;quot; **&amp;quot;New Positive Norms&amp;quot;** (e.g. &amp;#039;Space Sustainability&amp;#039;) and &amp;quot;Calculates&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Most Effective Way&amp;quot;** to &amp;quot;Start&amp;quot; a **&amp;quot;Global Cascade.&amp;quot;**&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;VR &amp;#039;Identity&amp;#039; Swap&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 604). A &amp;quot;Walkthrough&amp;quot; where you &amp;quot;Lead&amp;quot; a &amp;quot;State&amp;quot; with a **&amp;quot;Radically Different Identity&amp;quot;** (e.g. &amp;#039;A Deep Ecology State&amp;#039;) to &amp;quot;See&amp;quot; how &amp;quot;Interests&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Change.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The &amp;#039;Social-Fact&amp;#039; Ledger&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 533). A &amp;quot;Blockchain&amp;quot; that &amp;quot;Tracks&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Consensus&amp;quot;** on &amp;quot;Global Norms,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Visualizing&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Evolution of Human Values&amp;quot;** in &amp;quot;Real-Time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Neural &amp;#039;Universalism&amp;#039; Induction&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: (See Article 150). &amp;quot;Using&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Brain Training&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Help&amp;quot; humans &amp;quot;Shift&amp;quot; their **&amp;quot;Primary Identity&amp;quot;** from &amp;quot;The Nation&amp;quot; to **&amp;quot;The Planet,&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;Deconstructing&amp;quot; the **&amp;quot;Border&amp;quot;** &amp;quot;In the Mind.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geopolitics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Relations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Psychology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anthropology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wordpad</name></author>
	</entry>
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