Editing Autonomous Vehicles and Self-Driving AI (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Evaluating</span> ==
AV evaluation requires both in-simulation and on-road measurement:

'''Disengagement rate''': The number of times a human safety driver had to take over per 1,000 miles. Regulated and reported publicly in California. Lower is better, but context matters (urban driving is harder than highway).

'''Miles between critical events''': The rate of safety-critical events (emergency braking, near-collisions) per million miles. Waymo reports this as a key safety metric.

'''Simulation evaluation''': Replaying real incidents with the system under evaluation to test counterfactual outcomes. Inject synthetic edge cases (cut-offs, jaywalkers) to test response without real-world risk.

'''Behavioral metrics''': Comfort (jerk, acceleration profiles), efficiency (travel time vs. human), and correctness (legal compliance, right-of-way). A safe system that is also uncomfortable or excessively slow will not be accepted.

Expert practitioners distinguish between '''validation''' (does the system perform as designed?) and '''verification''' (is the design sufficient for the deployment domain?). Both are required for safety-critical systems.
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