Editing Evolution and Natural Selection (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Analyzing</span> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Microevolution vs. Macroevolution
! Feature !! Microevolution !! Macroevolution
|-
| Scale || Within a single population || Above the species level
|-
| Timeframe || Short (days to centuries) || Long (millions of years)
|-
| Evidence || Observed changes (e.g., viruses) || Fossil record, phylogeny
|-
| Result || Change in color, size, resistance || New families, classes, phyla
|}

**The Spandrels of San Marco**: Stephen Jay Gould argued that not every trait is an adaptation. Some are "spandrels"—byproducts of other architectural/biological changes. For example, the human chin might not have a "purpose"; it might just be the result of the face shrinking and the jawbone remaining. Analyzing what is an "adaptation" vs. a "byproduct" is a central challenge in evolutionary biology.
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