Editing Supervolcanoes and the Risk of Volcanic Winter (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Applying</span> ==
'''Modeling 'The Volcanic Winter' (Calculating 'Global Temperature Drop' from SO₂ Injection):'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
def calculate_volcanic_winter(so2_injected_megatons, duration_years=2):
    """
    Models global cooling from a supervolcanic eruption.
    """
    # Rough climate forcing: ~0.5°C per 10 MT SO2 in stratosphere
    cooling_c = so2_injected_megatons * 0.05
    
    crop_failure_risk = "HIGH" if cooling_c > 3 else ("MODERATE" if cooling_c > 1 else "LOW")
    
    return (f"SO₂: {so2_injected_megatons} MT | "
            f"Cooling: -{round(cooling_c, 1)}°C | "
            f"Duration: {duration_years} years | "
            f"Crop Failure Risk: {crop_failure_risk}")

# Comparisons across eruption scales
print(calculate_volcanic_winter(20, 1))    # Pinatubo 1991 (VEI 6)
print(calculate_volcanic_winter(200, 2))   # Tambora 1815 (VEI 7)
print(calculate_volcanic_winter(2000, 3))  # Yellowstone-scale (VEI 8)
</syntaxhighlight>

; Geological Landmarks
: '''Pinatubo (1991)''' → (VEI 6). "Cooled" "Earth" by **0.5°C** for "2 Years": the "Best-Studied" "Modern" "Volcanic Winter."
: '''Tambora (1815)''' → (VEI 7). "The Year Without A Summer": **"70,000+ deaths,"** "Global Famine," "Social Unrest."
: '''Toba (~74,000 BP)''' → (VEI 8). "Possible Cause" of the **"Human Genetic Bottleneck."**
: '''USGS Yellowstone Monitoring''' → "Continuous" "Seismic" and "Ground Deformation" "Monitoring": "The World's" **"Best-Observed"** "Supervolcano."
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