Editing Population Genetics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Applying</span> ==
'''Modeling 'The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium' (Predicting carrier rates):'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
def calculate_carriers(disease_frequency):
    """
    If q^2 is the rate of people with a disease, 
    what is 2pq (the rate of healthy carriers)?
    """
    import math
    
    # q is the sqrt of the disease rate
    q = math.sqrt(disease_frequency)
    p = 1 - q
    
    carriers = 2 * p * q
    
    return {
        "Disease (q^2)": f"{disease_frequency*100:.2f}%",
        "Carrier (2pq)": f"{carriers*100:.2f}%",
        "Healthy (p^2)": f"{p**2*100:.2f}%"
    }

# Cystic Fibrosis affects ~1 in 2,500 people in some groups
print(calculate_carriers(1/2500))
# Even though the disease is rare, the math shows that 
# about 1 in 25 people are healthy carriers!
</syntaxhighlight>

; Genetic Landmarks
: '''The 'Modern Synthesis' (1930s)''' → The great unification where math, genetics, and Darwin's evolution were merged into a single science.
: '''Out of Africa Theory''' → Using population genetics to prove that all modern humans share a common ancestry in Africa ~200,000 years ago.
: '''Antibiotic Resistance''' → A real-time demonstration of "Natural Selection" where the 0.01% of bacteria that survive a drug quickly become 100% of the next generation.
: '''Mitochondrial Eve''' → The mathematical "Mother" of all living humans, found by tracking the DNA passed only through mothers.
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