Editing Development Economics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Applying</span> ==
'''Calculating the Gini Coefficient (Measuring Inequality):'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
def calculate_gini(incomes):
    """
    Simplified calculation of the Gini coefficient.
    0 = Perfect equality, 1 = Perfect inequality.
    """
    sorted_incomes = sorted(incomes)
    n = len(incomes)
    
    # Calculation based on the mean absolute difference
    sum_diff = sum(abs(xi - xj) for xi in sorted_incomes for xj in sorted_incomes)
    mean_income = sum(incomes) / n
    
    gini = sum_diff / (2 * n**2 * mean_income)
    return gini

# Equal Society
society_a = [100, 105, 95, 102, 98]
# Unequal Society
society_b = [10, 20, 30, 40, 400]

print(f"Gini Coefficient (Society A): {calculate_gini(society_a):.3f}")
print(f"Gini Coefficient (Society B): {calculate_gini(society_b):.3f}")
# Higher Gini coefficients are often associated with 
# social instability and lower long-term growth.
</syntaxhighlight>

; Key Interventions
: '''Deworming''' → One of the most cost-effective ways to improve school attendance in developing nations.
: '''Microcredit''' → Popularized by Muhammad Yunus (Grameen Bank) to empower rural entrepreneurs.
: '''Infrastructure''' → Building roads and ports to connect isolated farmers to global markets.
: '''Digital Identity''' → Programs like India's Aadhaar that allow the poor to access banking and government services.
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