Editing Comparative Politics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Applying</span> ==
'''Modeling 'Duverger's Law' (Electoral Mechanics):'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
def predict_party_system(district_magnitude, vote_shares):
    """
    District Magnitude: 1 (FPTP) -> Two-party
    District Magnitude: >1 (PR) -> Multi-party
    """
    if district_magnitude == 1:
        # Sort and take top 2
        winners = sorted(vote_shares, reverse=True)[:2]
        return f"Two-Party System. Major parties have {winners} share."
    else:
        # Many can survive
        survivors = [v for v in vote_shares if v > 5] # 5% threshold
        return f"Multi-Party System. {len(survivors)} parties in Parliament."

# Scenario: Same voters, different rules
votes = [40, 35, 15, 7, 3]
print(f"FPTP Rules: {predict_party_system(1, votes)}")
print(f"PR Rules: {predict_party_system(10, votes)}")
# This shows why small parties never win in the US but thrive in Brazil.
</syntaxhighlight>

; Comparative Case Studies
: '''The Arab Spring''' → Analyzing why Tunisia democratized while Syria fell into civil war and Egypt returned to autocracy.
: '''The Nordic Model''' → Comparing how Scandinavia achieves high growth and low inequality.
: '''Post-Communist Transitions''' → Comparing the paths of Poland (integrated with EU) vs. Russia (return to authoritarianism).
: '''Ethnic Conflict''' → Analyzing how countries like Switzerland or South Africa manage deeply divided societies.
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