Editing Speech Act Theory and Performatives (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Speech Act Theory is understood through '''Force''' and '''Action'''.

'''1. The "Deed" in the "Word" (Performatives)''':
"Saying" is "Doing."
* In **Traditional Philosophy**, "Language" was for **"Truth-Claims."**
* **Austin** "Discovered" that "Many Sentences" "Cannot" be "True or False."
* (e.g. Saying **"I Promise"** isn't 'True' or 'False'—it **"IS"** the "Act of Promising").
* These "Performatives" **"Change"** the **"Social World."**
* "Language" is a **"Weapon"** or a **"Tool"** (see Article 673).

'''2. The "Three Layers" of a Statement (The Acts)''':
"What you say" vs "What you do."
* Imagine you say: **"There is a bull in that field."**
* 1. **Locution**: The "Words" about the "Bull."
* 2. **Illocution**: The "Act" of **"Warning"** you. (This is the 'Force').
* 3. **Perlocution**: The "Act" of **"Making you Run"** away. (This is the 'Effect').
* A "Single Sentence" has **"Multiple Dimensions"** of "Power."

'''3. The "Rules" of Success (Felicity)''':
"Words" need "Context."
* (See Article 630). A **"Promise"** is only "Successful" if the speaker "Intends" to keep it and "Believes" they "Can."
* (See Article 542). A **"Verdict"** (Guilty!) is only "Successful" if "Spoken" by a **"Judge"** in a **"Court."**
* "Speech" is "Embedded" in **"Social Institutions."**
* "Meaning" is **"Authority."**

'''The 'I Pronounce You Man and Wife' Example'''': The "Classic" performative. It "Does Not" "Describe" a "Marriage"; it **"Creates"** it. If an "Actor" says it on "TV," it "Misfires." If a "Priest" says it in a "Church," it "Works." It proved that "Language" has **"Legal and Spiritual Gravity."**
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