Editing Plate Tectonics and Geology (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Plate tectonics is understood through **Heat** and **Density**.

**1. The Engine (Convection)**:
The center of the Earth is as hot as the surface of the sun. This heat creates "Convection Currents" in the mantle. Hot rock rises, cools, and sinks back down. This "circular" motion acts like a conveyor belt, dragging the plates on top.

**2. The Three Types of Interaction**:
* **The Pull (Divergent)**: When plates pull apart, magma rises to fill the gap. This creates "New Land" (like the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean).
* **The Crash (Convergent)**:
    * **Continental vs. Continental**: Neither sinks; they both crumple upward to make **Mountains**.
    * **Oceanic vs. Continental**: The dense ocean plate "Subducts" under the land. This creates **Volcanoes** as the melting plate turns into gas and pressure.
* **The Slide (Transform)**: Plates get "stuck" for years, building up pressure. When they finally "Snap," we feel it as an **Earthquake**.

**3. The Puzzle Evidence**:
* **Shape**: South America fits perfectly into Africa.
* **Fossils**: Identical fossils of a fresh-water reptile (Mesosaurus) are found in both Brazil and South Africa, but nowhere else. They didn't "swim" across the ocean; the land was once connected.
* **Magnets**: Rocks at the bottom of the ocean have "Magnetic Stripes" that prove the seafloor is spreading.

**The Pacific Ring of Fire**: This is the most active plate boundary in the world. It is a "Ring" of subduction zones where the Pacific plate is sinking under others, creating 75% of all active volcanoes on Earth.
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