Editing Philosophy of Religion (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Philosophy of Religion is understood through '''Arguments''' and '''Paradoxes'''.

'''1. The Three Classical Arguments''':
* '''Cosmological''': Everything has a cause. The universe is "Something." Therefore, there must be a "First Cause" (God) that wasn't caused by anything else.
* '''Teleological''': If you find a watch in a field, you know there was a watchmaker. The universe is much more complex than a watch. Therefore, it must have a "Designer."
* '''Ontological''': God is defined as "the greatest thing that can be imagined." A thing that exists in reality is "greater" than a thing that only exists in the mind. Therefore, God must exist in reality.

'''2. The Challenge of Evil''':
This is the strongest argument against theism.
* If God is all-good, He '''wants''' to stop evil.
* If God is all-powerful, He '''can''' stop evil.
* Evil exists.
* '''The Conclusion''': Either God is not all-good, or He is not all-powerful. (Or He doesn't exist).
* '''The Free Will Defense''': Philosophers argue that God allowed evil so that humans could have "Free Will"—because a world of "robots" who are forced to be good is not a truly good world.

'''3. Faith vs. Reason''':
* '''Pascal's Wager''': Blaise Pascal argued that you should "bet" on God. If you win, you get eternal life. If you lose, you lose nothing.
* '''William James''': Argued that in "forced" choices where we can't have proof, it is rational to let our emotions and "will to believe" decide.

'''The Euthyphro Dilemma''': A famous question from Socrates: "Is what is holy loved by the gods because it is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the gods?" This asks if "Morality" is independent of God, or if anything God says (even murder) would be "good" just because He said it.
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