Editing Metaphor and Conceptual Framing (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Metaphor and framing are understood through '''Mapping''' and '''Physicality'''.

'''1. The "War" of Words (Argument is War)''':
Why do we "Attack" an opponent's "Position"?
* We could see "Argument" as a "Dance" (a 'Cooperation').
* But in our culture, we see it as **War**.
* We "Defend" our views. We "Win" or "Lose."
* Because we use the **War Metaphor**, we "Behave" like soldiers—we become "Angry" and "Stubborn."
* If we changed the metaphor to **Argument is a Dance**, we would "Move together" to find "Beauty" instead of "Victory."

'''2. "Time is Money" (Value Mapping)''':
Time is "Invisible." How do we "Think" about it?
* We map it onto **Money**.
* We "Spend" time. We "Waste" time. We "Save" time.
* This metaphor "Forces" us to feel "Anxious" and "Hurried."
* We "Treat" time like a "Limited physical resource" because of the **Language** we use to describe it.

'''3. The "Moral" Directions (Up/Down)''':
Why are "High Ideals" better than "Low Desires"?
* Because we are **Biological beings**.
* When we are "Sick" or "Dead," we are **Down** (lying down).
* When we are "Healthy" or "Alive," we are **Up** (standing).
* This physical "Fact" becomes a "Mental Frame": **GOOD IS UP / BAD IS DOWN**. This is why we have "Heaven" above and "Hell" below.

'''Lakoff’s 'Metaphors We Live By' (1980)'''': The book that "Destroyed" the idea that "Reason" is "Literal." It proved that "Human Thought" is "Metaphorical to the core." We cannot "Think" without "Mapping."
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