Editing Memory and Learning (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Memory is not a single "tape recorder" but a collection of specialized systems working in parallel.

**The Multi-Store Model**: Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed that information flows from Sensory Memory → Short-Term Memory → Long-Term Memory. While simplified, this highlights the "bottleneck" of attention: we can only hold about 7 (±2) items in working memory at once.

**Types of Learning**:
* **Non-Associative**: Habituation (decreased response to repeated stimulus) and Sensitization.
* **Associative**: Linking stimuli or behaviors (Classical and Operant Conditioning).
* **Observational**: Learning by watching others (social learning theory).
* **Cognitive**: Gaining information through mental processes rather than just stimulus-response.

**The Role of the Hippocampus**: The case of Patient H.M., who lost the ability to form new memories after his hippocampus was removed, proved that the brain has distinct systems for "knowing that" (declarative) and "knowing how" (procedural). H.M. could learn new motor skills (like mirror drawing) but would never remember having practiced them.
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