Editing Genetics Heredity (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Genetics works through the storage, replication, and expression of digital-like information.

'''Mendelian Inheritance''': Mendel discovered that traits don't "blend" (like mixing paint); they are discrete.
* '''Law of Segregation''': You have two copies of every gene, but you only pass one to each offspring.
* '''Punnett Squares''': These allow us to predict the probability of traits. If two 'Bb' parents have a child, there is a 25% chance of 'BB', 50% of 'Bb', and 25% of 'bb'. If 'B' (Brown) is dominant over 'b' (Blue), the child has a 75% chance of having brown eyes.

'''The Central Dogma''': Information flows from '''DNA''' (The Library) → '''RNA''' (The Photocopy) → '''Protein''' (The Machine). Proteins do the actual work in the body, from building muscle to digesting food.

'''Beyond Mendel''': Most traits are more complex than "dominant vs. recessive."
* '''Polygenic Traits''': Controlled by many genes (e.g., height, skin color).
* '''Epigenetics''': Environmental factors that don't change the DNA sequence but change how genes are "read" (like adding bookmarks to a book).
* '''Sex-Linked Traits''': Genes located on the X or Y chromosomes (e.g., color blindness).
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