Editing Criminal Law and Procedure (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
A crime is only "proven" if you have both the **Act** and the **Intent**.

**1. The Two Parts of a Crime**:
* **Actus Reus**: You must have actually *done* something. (Thinking about robbing a bank is not a crime; walking in with a gun is).
* **Mens Rea**: You must have *intended* to do it. If you accidentally pick up someone else's bag, it's not theft because you lacked the "Guilty Mind."

**2. The Burden of Proof**: In a criminal trial, the defendant is **Presumed Innocent**. The state must prove guilt **"Beyond a Reasonable Doubt."** This is a much higher bar than in civil law (which only needs "more likely than not"). It is better that ten guilty men go free than one innocent man be punished.

**3. The Goals of Punishment**:
* **Deterrence**: To stop others from doing the same thing.
* **Incapacitation**: To keep the person away from society (prison).
* **Retribution**: Moral "payback."
* **Rehabilitation**: Transforming the person through education or therapy.

**Criminal Procedure**: This is the "Rulebook" for the police and courts. It ensures that even a person accused of a terrible crime has a fair trial. Without procedure, the government could simply "disappear" its enemies.
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