Editing Clinical Psychology (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
Clinical psychology operates through various "Orientations" or schools of thought.

'''Major Therapeutic Approaches''':
1. '''Psychodynamic (Freudian)''': Focuses on unconscious drives and childhood experiences.
2. '''Behavioral''': Focuses on learning and reinforcement (e.g., exposure therapy for phobias).
3. '''Cognitive (CBT)''': Focuses on identifying and "reframing" distorted thinking (e.g., "I'm a failure because I made one mistake").
4. '''Humanistic (Rogerian)''': Focuses on the "whole person," emphasizing self-actualization and "unconditional positive regard."
5. '''Systemic''': Looks at the individual within their "system" (family or marriage).

'''The Diagnostic Process''': Clinicians use interviews, behavioral observation, and standardized tests (like the MMPI) to match a patient's symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5. This allows for a shared language between professionals and helps in choosing the most effective evidence-based treatment.

'''The Bio-Psycho-Social Model''': Modern clinical psychology recognizes that mental health is not just "in the head." It is a combination of '''Biological''' (genes, brain chemistry), '''Psychological''' (coping skills, personality), and '''Social''' (support network, poverty, culture) factors.
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