Editing 19th Century Philosophy (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Understanding</span> ==
19th-century philosophy is understood through '''History''' and '''The Death of the Old World'''.

'''1. History as a Machine (Hegel and Marx)''':
Hegel and Marx both believed that history has a "Goal."
* '''Hegel''': History is an "Idea" that gets better and better through conflict. We fight, we find a "Synthesis," and we move up.
* '''Marx''': Hegel was right about the "Conflict," but wrong about the "Idea." History is about **Money and Tools**. The workers will eventually overthrow the owners, leading to a classless society.

'''2. The Individual Crisis (Kierkegaard and Nietzsche)''':
As science and the Industrial Revolution made the world feel like a "Machine," people felt lost.
* '''Kierkegaard''': Argued that we must take a "Leap of Faith" into the unknown to find meaning.
* '''Nietzsche''': Argued that "God is dead" (meaning we no longer believe in a single absolute truth). We must become "Overmen" (Übermensch) who create our own values and say "Yes" to life even if it is meaningless.

'''3. The Will (Schopenhauer)''':
Schopenhauer argued that "Reason" is just a tiny boat floating on a massive, dark ocean of "Will" (Desire). We want things, we get them, we get bored, we want more. The only way to win is to stop wanting.

'''Alienation''': Marx's concept that under modern capitalism, workers are "Alienated" from their work, from each other, and from their own human nature because they are just "Cogs in a machine."
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