Editing Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Temperature (T)''' — A macroscopic measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.
* '''Heat (Q)''' — Energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.
* '''Work (W)''' — Energy transferred by mechanical means.
* '''Entropy (S)''' — A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system; also defined as the number of microscopic configurations.
* '''Internal Energy (U)''' — The total energy contained within a system.
* '''Zeroth Law''' — If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other (defines temperature).
* '''First Law''' — Conservation of energy: ΔU = Q - W.
* '''Second Law''' — The total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time (defines the arrow of time).
* '''Third Law''' — As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant minimum.
* '''Enthalpy (H)''' — Total heat content of a system: H = U + PV.
* '''Gibbs Free Energy (G)''' — Energy available to do work at constant temperature and pressure; determines reaction spontaneity.
* '''Boltzmann Constant (k)''' — Relates the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature.
* '''Partition Function (Z)''' — The central object of statistical mechanics; encodes the statistical properties of a system in equilibrium.
* '''Microstate''' — A specific microscopic configuration of a system (positions and momenta of all particles).
* '''Macrostate''' — Defined by macroscopic parameters (P, V, T).
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