Editing Supervolcanoes, Calderas, and Existential Geologic Risk (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Supervolcano''' — A colloquial term for a volcano that has had at least one eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), meaning it has released more than 1,000 cubic kilometers ($km^3$) of material in a single event.
* '''Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)''' — A relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions, ranging from 0 (non-explosive) to 8 (mega-colossal). The scale is logarithmic, meaning each interval represents a tenfold increase in observed ejecta.
* '''Caldera''' — A massive, cauldron-like depression that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a supervolcanic eruption. When the magma is violently expelled, the structural support for the mountain above is lost, and the entire roof collapses inward.
* '''Yellowstone Caldera''' — One of the world's most famous supervolcanoes, located in the United States. It is powered by a massive underlying hotspot and has had three VEI 8 eruptions in the last 2.1 million years.
* '''Toba Catastrophe Theory''' — An evolutionary hypothesis proposing that the VEI 8 eruption of the Toba supervolcano in Indonesia ~74,000 years ago caused a severe global volcanic winter, creating a genetic bottleneck that nearly drove the human species to extinction.
* '''Magma Chamber''' — A large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the surface of the Earth. Supervolcanic magma chambers are unfathomably large, sometimes spanning dozens of miles across.
* '''Ignimbrite''' — The solid rock formed by the massive, super-heated pumice and ash deposited by a pyroclastic flow during a caldera-forming eruption. 
* '''Resurgent Dome''' — A swelling or bulging of the caldera floor following a super-eruption, caused by the slow refilling of the underlying magma chamber over thousands of years.
* '''VEI 7 vs VEI 8''' — For context, the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora (which caused the "Year Without a Summer") was a VEI 7. A VEI 8 (supervolcano) is at least ten times more powerful.
* '''Campi Flegrei''' — A highly active supervolcano (caldera) located primarily underwater just west of Naples, Italy, threatening a massive modern population center.
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