Editing Speciation (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Speciation''' — The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
* '''Species''' — A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
* '''Reproductive Isolation''' — Biological barriers that prevent two species from producing fertile offspring.
* '''Allopatric Speciation''' — Speciation that happens when a population is physically separated by a barrier (e.g., a mountain or river).
* '''Sympatric Speciation''' — Speciation that happens in the ''same'' geographic area (usually due to behavior or genetics).
* '''Pre-zygotic Barrier''' — A barrier that prevents mating or fertilization (e.g., different mating calls).
* '''Post-zygotic Barrier''' — A barrier that happens ''after'' fertilization (e.g., the offspring is sterile, like a Mule).
* '''Adaptive Radiation''' — The rapid evolution of many species from a single ancestor to fill different "niches" (e.g., Darwin's Finches).
* '''Vicariance''' — The physical splitting of a population by a geographic event (e.g., a continent moving).
* '''Polyploidy''' — A genetic mutation (common in plants) where an offspring has extra sets of chromosomes, making it instantly a new species.
* '''Gradualism''' — The idea that speciation happens slowly and steadily over millions of years.
* '''Punctuated Equilibrium''' — The idea that species stay the same for a long time and then change very rapidly during "explosions" of speciation.
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