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== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> == * '''Scientific Realism''' β The view that our best scientific theories give us a true description of the world. * '''Anti-Realism (Instrumentalism)''' β The view that theories are just useful tools for calculation, not true descriptions of reality. * '''Unobservable''' β Entities that cannot be seen with the naked eye (e.g., electrons, gravitational waves). * '''Theoretical Entity''' β A "thing" that is part of a theory but hasn't been directly proven to exist (e.g., String Theory strings). * '''The No-Miracles Argument''' β The idea that it would be a "miracle" for science to work so well if it weren't actually true. * '''Pessimistic Meta-Induction''' β The historical observation that almost all past scientific theories have been proven wrong, so current ones likely are too. * '''Approximate Truth''' β The idea that theories get "closer" to the truth over time. * '''Structural Realism''' β The middle-ground view that the ''equations'' (the structure) are real, even if the ''objects'' aren't. * '''Empirical Adequacy''' β When a theory correctly predicts all the data we can observe. * '''Success of Science''' β The ability of science to build rockets, cure diseases, and create computers. * '''Underdetermination''' β The fact that multiple different theories can often explain the same set of data. * '''Constructive Empiricism''' β Bas van Fraassen's view that science only aims for "empirical adequacy," not "truth." </div> <div style="background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
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