Editing Quantum Ml (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Quantum computing''' — Computing that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena (superposition, entanglement) to process information differently from classical computers.
* '''Qubit''' — The quantum analog of a classical bit; can exist in superposition of 0 and 1 states simultaneously.
* '''Superposition''' — A quantum state that is a linear combination of multiple classical states simultaneously.
* '''Entanglement''' — A quantum correlation between qubits where the state of one cannot be described independently of others.
* '''Quantum gate''' — An operation on qubits analogous to a classical logic gate; reversible and unitary.
* '''NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum)''' — The current era of quantum computers: 50–1000 qubits, with significant noise and limited coherence time.
* '''Quantum supremacy / advantage''' — When a quantum computer solves a problem faster than any classical computer can.
* '''Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE)''' — A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for finding ground state energies; relevant for quantum chemistry and materials.
* '''Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA)''' — A variational algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems.
* '''Parametric quantum circuit''' — A quantum circuit with tunable parameters, analogous to a neural network's weights; trained by gradient descent.
* '''Quantum kernel''' — A kernel function computed by a quantum circuit, measuring similarity in a high-dimensional quantum feature space.
* '''HHL algorithm''' — A quantum algorithm for solving linear systems exponentially faster than classical methods under certain conditions.
* '''Quantum annealing''' — A metaheuristic for optimization using quantum tunneling; implemented by D-Wave systems.
* '''Barren plateau''' — A trainability problem in parameterized quantum circuits where gradients vanish exponentially with circuit width, analogous to vanishing gradients.
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