Editing Public-Key Cryptography (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Public-Key Cryptography''' — A cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys (which may be disseminated widely) and private keys (which are known only to the owner).
* '''Public Key''' — Used to encrypt data or verify a digital signature; available to everyone.
* '''Private Key''' — Used to decrypt data or create a digital signature; must be kept secret.
* '''RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)''' — The first and most famous public-key algorithm, based on the difficulty of factoring large numbers.
* '''ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography)''' — A modern, more efficient public-key system that uses the math of curves to provide the same security with much smaller keys.
* '''One-Way Function''' — A mathematical operation that is easy to do in one direction but extremely difficult to undo (e.g., multiplying two huge primes).
* '''Trapdoor Function''' — A one-way function that is easy to undo *if* you have a specific piece of "secret" information (the private key).
* '''Digital Signature''' — A mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
* '''Certificate Authority (CA)''' — A trusted organization that "vouches" for your public key (the "Passport Office" of the internet).
* '''SSL/TLS (HTTPS)''' — The protocol that uses public-key cryptography to secure website connections.
* '''Diffie-Hellman''' — A specific method for two people to create a shared secret key over an insecure channel.
* '''Prime Number''' — A number that has no divisors other than 1 and itself; the "Atoms" of public-key math.
* '''Modular Arithmetic''' — "Clock math"; the branch of math used to scramble numbers in RSA and ECC.
</div>

<div style="background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;">