Editing Phylogenetics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Phylogenetics''' — The study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities.
* '''Phylogenetic Tree''' — A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.
* '''Clade''' — A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor (a "Branch" on the tree).
* '''Common Ancestor''' — An individual or species from which two or more later species are descended.
* '''LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)''' — The most recent population of organisms from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent.
* '''Node''' — A point on a tree where a branch splits, representing a speciation event.
* '''Root''' — The base of the tree, representing the oldest common ancestor of all the entities in the tree.
* '''Taxon''' — A group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
* '''Molecular Clock''' — A technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time when two life forms diverged.
* '''Parsimony''' — The principle that the simplest explanation (the one with the fewest evolutionary changes) is usually the correct one.
* '''Homology''' — Similarity in characteristics resulting from shared ancestry (e.g., bones in a whale fin and human hand).
* '''Analogy (Homoplasy)''' — Similarity in characteristics due to similar environments, not shared ancestry (e.g., wings of a bird and a bee).
* '''DNA Sequencing''' — The process of determining the nucleic acid sequence—the order of nucleotides in DNA.
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