Editing Philosophy Of Mind (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Philosophy of mind''' — Philosophical study of the nature of mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, and consciousness.
* '''Qualia''' — The subjective, felt qualities of experience: the redness of red, the painfulness of pain; the "what it is like."
* '''Phenomenal consciousness''' — The subjective, experiential aspect of consciousness; qualia; "what it is like to be" something.
* '''Access consciousness''' — Information being available for use in reasoning, reporting, and guiding behavior; distinguished from phenomenal consciousness by Block.
* '''Hard problem of consciousness''' — David Chalmers' term for the question of why physical processes give rise to subjective experience.
* '''Easy problems of consciousness''' — (Also hard, but tractable) explaining cognitive functions: attention, integration, reporting. Called "easy" because they can in principle be explained mechanistically.
* '''Turing Test''' — Alan Turing's 1950 proposal: a machine is intelligent if it can fool a human interrogator in text conversation.
* '''Chinese Room''' — John Searle's thought experiment: a person following Chinese symbol manipulation rules passes a language test but doesn't understand Chinese; argues syntax is not sufficient for semantics.
* '''Intentionality''' — The "aboutness" of mental states; beliefs are always ''about'' something; desires are always ''for'' something.
* '''Multiple realizability''' — The same mental state can be realized by different physical substrates (silicon, carbon) — argued to support functionalism.
* '''Mental causation''' — How mental states (beliefs, desires) cause physical actions; a key problem for non-reductive physicalism.
* '''Higher-order theories''' — Consciousness requires a mental state representing another mental state; Rosenthal's Higher-Order Thought theory.
* '''Embodied cognition''' — Cognition is not just in the brain but distributed through the body and environment.
* '''Extended mind''' — Andy Clark & David Chalmers: cognitive processes can extend beyond the brain into the environment.
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