Editing Nanomedicine, Targeted Delivery, and Molecular Therapeutics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Nanomedicine''' — The application of nanoscale materials and devices for medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment.
* '''Liposome''' — A spherical lipid bilayer vesicle used to encapsulate and deliver drugs — the first approved nanoparticle drug carrier (Doxil, 1995).
* '''Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs)''' — The delivery vehicle for mRNA vaccines (Moderna, BioNTech) — enabling mRNA to cross cell membranes without degradation — a landmark nanomedicine achievement.
* '''EPR Effect''' — Enhanced Permeability and Retention: the tendency of nanoparticles to accumulate in tumor tissue due to leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage — the basis of passive tumor targeting.
* '''Active Targeting''' — Decorating nanoparticles with ligands (antibodies, peptides) that bind specifically to receptors overexpressed on cancer cells — improving selectivity beyond EPR.
* '''Iron Oxide Nanoparticles''' — Used as MRI contrast agents and for hyperthermic tumor treatment (alternating magnetic field heating) — FDA-approved applications exist.
* '''Quantum Dots''' — Semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable fluorescence — used in bioimaging and diagnostics.
* '''CRISPR Delivery via Nanoparticles''' — LNPs and other nanocarriers enabling in vivo CRISPR gene editing — critical for translation of gene editing to clinical therapy.
* '''Nanotoxicology''' — The study of the potential health risks of nanomaterials — their small size enables cell membrane penetration and organ accumulation that bulk materials cannot achieve.
* '''Theranostics''' — Nanoparticles combining therapeutic and diagnostic functions — enabling imaging and treatment simultaneously.
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