Editing Mechanisms of Evolution (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Mechanisms of Evolution''' — The processes that cause evolutionary change in populations.
* '''Mutation''' — A random change in the DNA sequence; the ultimate source of all new genetic variation.
* '''Natural Selection''' — The process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
* '''Genetic Drift''' — A random change in allele frequencies, especially in small populations (e.g., a "Bottleneck").
* '''Gene Flow (Migration)''' — The movement of genes between populations as individuals move and mate.
* '''Allele''' — One of two or more alternative forms of a gene (e.g., 'Brown eye' vs 'Blue eye').
* '''Genotype''' — The genetic makeup of an individual.
* '''Phenotype''' — The observable physical traits of an individual (e.g., height, color).
* '''Adaptation''' — A trait that increases an organism's fitness in its environment.
* '''Fitness''' — A measure of how many offspring an individual contributes to the next generation.
* '''Bottleneck Effect''' — When a population size is sharply reduced, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.
* '''Founder Effect''' — When a small group starts a new population, carrying only a tiny fraction of the original group's genes.
* '''Horizontal Gene Transfer''' — The movement of genes between different species (common in bacteria).
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