Editing Hash Signatures (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Hash Function''' — An algorithm that converts an input of any size into a fixed-size string of characters (e.g., SHA-256).
* '''Digest''' — The output of a hash function; the "Fingerprint" of the data.
* '''Collision''' — A rare and dangerous event where two different inputs produce the same hash output.
* '''SHA-256''' — The most common secure hash algorithm today (used in Bitcoin and SSL).
* '''One-Way Property''' — It is easy to create a hash from data, but impossible to recreate the data from a hash.
* '''Avalanche Effect''' — A property where a small change in input (like one bit) causes a massive change in the output.
* '''Salt''' — Random data added to a password before hashing to prevent "Rainbow Table" attacks.
* '''Digital Signature''' — A mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message.
* '''Non-Repudiation''' — The inability of a sender to deny that they sent a message (because only their private key could have signed it).
* '''Message Authentication Code (MAC)''' — A hash that uses a secret key to prove that a message hasn't been changed by a hacker.
* '''Merkle Tree''' — A structure of hashes used to efficiently verify the integrity of large datasets (like a blockchain).
* '''MD5 / SHA-1''' — Older hash functions that are now considered "Broken" because computers can find collisions too easily.
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