Editing Genetics Heredity (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Gene''' — A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristic.
* '''DNA''' — The molecule that carries genetic instructions; shaped as a double helix.
* '''Chromosome''' — A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
* '''Allele''' — One of two or more alternative forms of a gene (e.g., Brown eyes allele vs Blue eyes allele).
* '''Genotype''' — The genetic constitution of an individual organism (the DNA code).
* '''Phenotype''' — The set of observable characteristics of an individual (what we see).
* '''Dominant Allele''' — An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele (represented by uppercase, e.g., 'B').
* '''Recessive Allele''' — An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present (represented by lowercase, e.g., 'b').
* '''Homozygous''' — Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (BB or bb).
* '''Heterozygous''' — Having two different alleles for a particular gene (Bb).
* '''Mutation''' — A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence.
* '''Genome''' — The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
* '''Transcription''' — The process by which information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
* '''Translation''' — The process where ribosomes create proteins based on the mRNA code.
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