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Brutalism and Concrete
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== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> == * '''Brutalism''' — A style of architecture (1950s-70s) characterized by "Large, Blocky Forms," "Raw Materials," and "Visible Structures." * '''Béton Brut''' — "Raw Concrete": concrete that is "Left Unfinished" after the "Wooden Molds" (Formwork) are removed, "Revealing" the "Grain of the Wood." * '''Structural Honesty''' — The "Ethics" of showing "How the Building Works" (e.g., 'Exposed Pipes,' 'Visible Beams'). * '''Social Housing''' — The "Primary Goal" of many Brutalists: building "High-Quality," "Dense" "Apartments for the Working Class" (e.g., 'Socialist' or 'Welfare State' projects). * '''Monumentalism''' — The use of "Massive Scale" to create a "Feeling of Awe and Permanence" (e.g., 'National Libraries' or 'Government Buildings'). * '''Unité d'Habitation''' — Le Corbusier’s "Vertical City": an apartment block with "Internal Streets," "Shops," and "Gardens," designed to be a "Self-Contained Community." * '''Modular Coordination''' — Using "Standardized Units" (The 'Modulor') based on "Human Proportions" to design spaces. * '''Rough-Hewn''' — The "Texture" of Brutalism: "Hard," "Grey," and "Tactile," "Rejecting" the "Smooth Glass" of the International Style. * '''The 'Streets in the Sky' ''' — The "Idea" of "Elevated Walkways" in apartment blocks to "Replace" "Traditional Streets." * '''Post-War Reconstruction''' — The "Context": Brutalism provided a "Fast," "Cheap," and "Powerful" way to "Rebuild" Europe after the "Destruction of WWII." </div> <div style="background-color: #006400; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
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