Editing AI for Neuroscience (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Neuron''' — A biological nerve cell; the brain contains ~86 billion neurons connected by ~100 trillion synapses.
* '''Spike train''' — The sequence of action potentials (spikes) fired by a neuron over time; the primary signal for neural communication.
* '''fMRI (functional MRI)''' — Measures brain activity by detecting blood oxygenation changes (BOLD signal); high spatial, low temporal resolution.
* '''EEG (Electroencephalography)''' — Records electrical activity from scalp electrodes; high temporal, low spatial resolution.
* '''Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)''' — Technology enabling direct communication between the brain and external devices.
* '''Neural decoding''' — Inferring mental states, intentions, or stimuli from neural activity recordings.
* '''Population coding''' — Information represented by the collective activity of many neurons rather than single neurons.
* '''Receptive field''' — The region of sensory space (e.g., visual field) that activates a given neuron.
* '''Convolutional Neural Network (neuroscience)''' — CNNs were partly inspired by visual cortex simple/complex cells; they predict V1/V4 responses better than prior models.
* '''Predictive coding''' — A neuroscience theory proposing the brain generates predictions about sensory input and transmits only prediction errors.
* '''Calcium imaging''' — A technique using fluorescent dyes to image neural activity in hundreds to thousands of neurons simultaneously.
* '''Connectome''' — A complete map of neural connections in a nervous system; C. elegans has a complete connectome (302 neurons).
* '''ECoG (Electrocorticography)''' — Recording neural signals from electrodes placed directly on the brain surface; high-quality signals for BCI.
* '''Neuralink''' — Elon Musk's company developing implantable BCI chips; demonstrated first human implant in 2024.
* '''CellPose''' — A deep learning tool for automated cell segmentation in microscopy images.
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