Editing AI for Genomics and Bioinformatics (section)

== <span style="color: #FFFFFF;">Remembering</span> ==
* '''Genome''' — The complete set of DNA in an organism, containing all genetic information.
* '''DNA sequencing''' — Determining the order of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) in a DNA molecule.
* '''Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)''' — A single base-pair variation in the genome; billions of SNPs exist in the human population.
* '''GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study)''' — A statistical study associating genetic variants with traits or diseases across many individuals.
* '''Variant calling''' — The computational process of identifying genetic variants from sequencing data.
* '''RNA-seq''' — Sequencing RNA molecules to measure gene expression levels across the genome.
* '''Gene expression''' — The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize gene products (RNA, proteins).
* '''Protein structure prediction''' — Predicting the 3D shape of a protein from its amino acid sequence.
* '''AlphaFold''' — DeepMind's revolutionary AI system for protein structure prediction; solved the 50-year protein folding problem.
* '''Sequence alignment''' — Comparing biological sequences to identify regions of similarity; fundamental to all bioinformatics.
* '''k-mer''' — A subsequence of length k; used to represent genomic sequences as features for ML models.
* '''Epigenomics''' — The study of heritable changes in gene expression not caused by DNA sequence changes; includes DNA methylation and histone modification.
* '''Single-cell sequencing''' — Measuring gene expression in individual cells rather than bulk tissue; reveals cellular heterogeneity.
* '''Polygenic risk score (PRS)''' — An ML-derived score aggregating many small-effect genetic variants to predict disease risk.
* '''CRISPR''' — A gene editing technology; AI assists in designing guide RNAs and predicting off-target effects.
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